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Early into her relationship with Thomas, Leigh was on the fence. Those days should’ve been rife with butterflies and intrigue, but something was off. Sure, Thomas was kind, gentle, shy — in other words, unlike the guys she used to date — but Leigh was unsure if she found his attentiveness enticing or annoying. She was, in a word, ambivalent. Over the ensuing weeks, though, her attraction grew, and four months later, she was “bonded and invested” in Thomas. The feeling wouldn’t last.

As soon as Leigh overcame her ambivalence, Thomas seemingly fell into his. “He became — and has maintained — a high level of avoidance through this relationship,” says Leigh, a 33-year-old psychologist who asked to be referred to by her middle name in order to speak about her relationship. “Actually, he’s become the highly ambivalent one. So he’ll be quite avoidant, and then if he sensed me pulling away just a little bit, then he comes running back.” And so the cycle continued for two-and-a-half years.

Among the many unrealistic romantic ideals, the notion that your relationship must be nothing but positive is among the most misguided. “I call these the ‘Disney did us dirty’ ideas,” says licensed clinical psychologist Alexandra Solomon. Very few relationships are wholly uplifting and supportive, and just as many are outright toxic and dismissive. Everything else falls in the middle.

Ambivalent relationships are marked by elements of both positivity and negativity — in other words, mixed feelings — and they’re incredibly common. Research has shown that nearly half of our social networks are made up of ambivalent connections: the in-laws who get on our nerves, the friend who sometimes makes jokes at our expense, and, yes, the partner who chronically forgets to put dishes in the sink. In a study of long-married couples, about 60 percent of participants reported feeling ambivalent toward their partner. The other 40 percent reported feeling pretty good about their marriages, according to Bert Uchino, a professor of social and health psychology at the University of Utah and one of the study’s authors. But maybe the researchers caught these couples on a good day. Perhaps reality is less rosy.

While emotionally uncomfortable, ambivalence also leaves its mark on the body. In his decades of research, Uchino has found that interacting with (and even talking about) someone who has both positive and negative qualities results in higher blood pressure than engaging with someone who is purely positive. Similarly, receiving support from an ambivalent tie can increase blood pressure. Another study of older married couples found that people who both viewed their partner ambivalently and were perceived as ambivalent by their spouse had greater coronary-artery calcification, a hardening of the arteries.

Still, mixed feelings don’t need to be seen as a threat to the relationship, a harbinger of impending doom, or a cause for stress — if only because they’re so common. It’s certainly possible to feel ambivalent toward a toxic partner, and ambivalent relationships can devolve into unhealthy ones. However, the reality of any given relationship may be much more banal, and therefore complicated. 

So where is the line between a relationship worth salvaging and one worth leaving? Indeed, in relatively healthy, non-abusive relationships, the presence of ambivalence can actually motivate couples to improve their communication or spend more meaningful time together. 

“A healthier narrative around ambivalence, I think, is warranted,” says Giulia Zoppolat, a postdoctoral researcher at Amsterdam University Medical Centers. “Understanding when it’s okay and a natural thing of life and then being able to recognize when instead, it’s more like an alarm bell of there is something really wrong here that I need to work on and [take] action on.”

Signs of ambivalent relationships  

Ambivalence can come and go in phases, or it can become a defining feature of the relationship. You might move through periods where you feel confident your partner sees you, hears you, understands you, and others where the connection is strained. You could also experience a sustained bout of fence-sitting, unsure of whether you want in or out.

Usually, ambivalence is predicated by transitional life moments, whether deciding to move in together, whether to remain faithful, or after having a kid. These are events that “pull forward both positive and negative behaviors,” according to Uchino. These trajectory-altering decisions could make you question all the pros and cons of the relationship. Is this the life I want? Do I want this life with this person? Is there someone else whom I could picture myself with?

“This is not necessarily a bad thing,” Zoppolat says. “If you’re trying to make a big decision in your relationship — like, should we have a child together, should we move to a different city or country together? — these big life changes. It’s functional. It’s important to really think about the relationship and whether you want to make this big commitment with this person.”

Within these crossroads, there may be inconsistencies in support that can also contribute to ambivalence, Zoppolat has found in her studies. Your partner might be engaged and active in childrearing some weeks and distant and unhelpful at other times. Outside of major life changes, the accumulation of routine and everyday arguments — domestic inequities, financial stress, how to prioritize one another — can snowball into relationship ambivalence. The realization that the person you live with doesn’t care about a sink constantly full of dishes, for instance, could be a source of ongoing negativity.

The consequences of ambivalence

Holding conflicting feelings toward your romantic partner impacts how you view the relationship — and your behavior within it. Ambivalence can lead to less intimacy, thoughts of breaking up, distress, anxiety, and lower well-being as well as declines in relationship and life satisfaction. This can lead to particularly volatile behavior, oscillating between supporting your partner and giving them the cold shoulder. Since it’s easier to feel entirely optimistic or completely hopeless about the relationship rather than a mix of both, it’s common to be pulled one way or the other.

“We see that people are more likely to do constructive things, like wanting to resolve an issue in their relationship, want to spend more time with their partner in positive ways, and engage with their partner more positively,” Zoppolat says. “But there’s also a flip side where they may be more critical or want to distance from their partner.”

Simply admitting your fence-sitting to yourself can feel threatening: This isn’t the fun, loving relationship I thought it was. This out-in-the-open ambivalence is detrimental to relationships, according to Ruddy Faure, an assistant professor of social and cultural psychology at Radboud University in the Netherlands. “In general, explicit ambivalence seems to be bad for relationships and for well-being in general,” he says. “People feel more stressed, less happy, and that typically relates to more negative relationship outcomes as well. People are less satisfied, more likely to break up.” Perhaps the conflicts are too deep, too difficult to solve — or shouldn’t be solved. No more excusing harmful behavior.

There can be upsides to ambivalence, though. According to Solomon, maintaining contradictory feelings is a sign of emotional maturity. Ambivalence leads people to spend more time thinking about hardships in their relationship, but it also inspires them to improve it. These positive changes not only impact how you feel about your partner, but can also minimize the physical effects of ambivalence — the high blood pressure, the coronary-artery calcification — and therefore stave off any potential chronic health issues. “When you’re talking about something like cardiovascular disease, it’s a long-term, decades-long process,” Uchino says. Limiting the amount of time you walk around with high blood pressure because you occasionally hate your partner bodes well for your health.

Dealing with mixed feelings

So how do you keep the negative from outweighing the positive? Research lacks definitive answers. But anyone who feels unsafe in their relationship should feel inspired to end the relationship, says licensed marriage and family therapist Moe Ari Brown.

In order to properly address ambivalence, you need to mine its roots, Brown says. What are you truly feeling? What feels off? Is there something you want to change about the relationship? Has time illuminated quirks and habits you find unsavory? What new wants and needs are you discovering? Are you unsure about the future of the relationship? Has the spark died?

Then, try to determine if there’s an ask you can make of your partner that will increase connection. If your ambivalence stems from feeling like you no longer have fun together, try suggesting former (or new) rituals: You might need to start dating each other again. Keep the language positive, Solomon says, since “I’m feeling ambivalent about our relationship” isn’t likely to land. You could say something along the lines of, “I really missed how in the early months of our relationship we would always have a show we were watching together. Can we be a little more intentional about watching something?” instead of, “You don’t ever spend time with me.”

Ultimately, working through ambivalence is an internal process. The tendency to make ambivalence the other person’s fault is a common reflex, and we often fail to recognize the role we play, the times we pull away, or the critical comments we make. But instead of ruminating over past arguments, make an effort to remember the positive moments, too: the memories of early dates, vacations, inside jokes. “Having these positive biases really help people move forward in their relationships and be able to forgive more easily,” Faure says. “Or also just being a little bit more persistent and invested in a relationship, even when the relationship is going through a rough patch.”

To accept ambivalence is to embrace the humanity in another, flaws and all, to understand how even the most important relationships can be sources of negativity at times. Even the fairy tale romances have their fair share of ups and downs. Research shows that simply being aware of the less-than-positive emotions you harbor toward your partner can help you regulate your emotions, have more constructive conversations, and lead to greater relational satisfaction. Romantic ambivalence may not be the ideal, but it’s normal, and certainly preferable to the alternative. 

As for Leigh and her ambivalent boyfriend Thomas, his hot-and-cold tendencies would ultimately be the couple’s undoing. Earlier this year, he insisted Leigh move in with him, only for him to reverse course three months later — after she’d already made herself at home. “It absolutely broke everything in me, and so I just receded from him,” Leigh says. They’ll cohabitate through the end of their lease, but have effectively split. 

The most heartbreaking part for Leigh is that despite her initial hesitations and his perpetual ambivalence, their connection grew. After all the breakdowns and reconciliations, she couldn’t stomach another.

“This time,” Leigh says, “where do I rebuild from here?” 

It had been a long week, and Tonna Obaze really wanted to hang out with her friend Bria. But she also didn’t want to get off the couch. A logical solution emerged: a sleepover.

They both worked late that Friday night — Obaze, 28, is the founder of a consulting firm — and Bria arrived in sweats once she finished up. They raided Obaze’s fridge, ordered takeout, and queued up a movie, but they barely made it past the opening credits before launching into a freewheeling conversation covering everything from family to therapy to dating. Eventually, they fell asleep on the couch, side by side. Though the friends both live in New York City, they yearned for more distraction-free time together than a 90-minute dinner reservation afforded. 

“There were even a couple tears shed where we, as people in our late 20s, our early 30s, have just been yearning to get back to this friendship where you can sit on the couch and eat whatever’s in the fridge, watch a movie, and just catch up with each other with no ending or timing in sight,” Obaze says.

The humble sleepover is a youthful rite of passage that gradually becomes less thrilling as you age. Once a place for snacks, movies, and staying up way past bedtime, the allure begins to fade as teens gain more independence. Who needs to hole up in a friend’s basement when more exciting activities await? For many who partake in the traditional American college experience, those four years can be seen as one giant sleepover, consisting of romantic and platonic sojourns alike. Then, where, and with whom, you sleep becomes more about function than fun: Shacking up with roommates, romantic partners, and family is a matter of convenience and obligation.

But as the constraints and responsibilities of adulthood mount, and spending time with friends falls lower on the priority list, there’s a case to be made for the sleepover — a purely platonic hangout among friends who simply want to see more of each other. Not to be confused with those of the sexual kind, the platonic adult sleepover ones are particularly attractive to young-ish women without children who crave deeper connection with their friends (and have the time and resources to do so). Men, on the other hand, who tend to bond over activities rather than emotions, may find purposefully inviting a friend to spend the night awkward and juvenile. But they could stand to benefit from something as seemingly silly as a sleepover. And they sometimes do, in the case of camping, multiday conventions, and other activity-based overnight excursions. 

Dedicating several hours to a pal in as intimate a location as possible sets the scene for more vulnerable conversations. Even if the itinerary for the evening falls on the banal side — eating, watching TV, sleeping — simply living alongside another person can bring you closer.

Feeling like a kid again

A common refrain among many adults is the relative difficulty in making and maintaining friends in adulthood — how the whole ordeal was easier, more straightforward in childhood. A lot of that ease boils down to the amount of time children spend with their peers in school and extracurricular activities. See someone frequently enough and you move through the strangers-to-friend pipeline fairly quickly.

Baked into this adolescent friend-making process is hanging out beyond school walls. Playdates, sports, and, yes, sleepovers, become the canvas for which kids and adolescents forge deeper connections, to goof around in relative privacy, to see how other families live. Adult sleepovers serve many of these same functions in an open-ended format. 

And if time is what adults lack in their friendships (which research says they do), sleepovers provide plenty of it. For obvious reasons, a parent’s schedule might not be very amenable to overnight hangouts with friends, but the ritual doesn’t need to be exclusive to single women in their 20s. If you’re looking to get the most out of what limited time you have, an extended, concentrated hangout is a far better use of your free time than the occasional happy hour you need to schedule four months in advance. 

Sleepovers are also great opportunities to get the whole family involved, too: What’s stopping you from hosting a backyard campout with a few families in the summertime? Aside from departure in the morning, there are few time constraints, few distractions, few obligations beyond prioritizing your friends — and perhaps acting like a kid again.

At the sleepovers she hosts at her Lakeland, Florida, home, Maegan Thompson, 31, often plays games, sits by the bonfire, and watches TV cuddled up next to ten or so friends (some of whom do have kids at home), much like she did as a child.

“The things that you used to be able to bond with other people over when you were younger,” she says, “are the same things you get to bond over when you become an adult.”

Intimacy and banality

These laid-back activities eliminate the need for pretense, to constantly perform or entertain one another. In a culture where the pressure exists to curate and broadcast life’s every moment, letting your guard down and simply coexisting with a friend can unlock new levels of intimacy. “We’re just there to be with one another, rather than to be more impression-management concerned,” says Jeffrey Hall, a professor of communication studies at the University of Kansas, “or trying to make a good public appearance when you go out to drinks or to go out to dinner.”

In other words, sleepovers are, in essence, purposeless. They allow friends to be boring together, a much-needed antidote to the pressure to be always-on. And research shows that doing even the most basic of daily activities — like eating, reading, or cleaning — in the presence of another person makes the task more enjoyable. Why not watching TV and sleeping, too? “A sleepover also includes things like hours and hours and hours of time spent late into the night,” Hall says, “really relaxed and embracing all of that enjoyment of friendship without having to have an end [time].”

During her most recent sleepover, Los Angeles-based Deandra Kanu and her long-distance best friend binge-watched TV, lay in bed, and not much else. “I think that it’s the ability to just be yourself without entertainment,” the 29-year-old says. “That’s what a sleepover is. You guys are the entertainment.”

Nowhere else is this lack of impression management more apparent than in the act of getting ready for bed. You might get a chance to perform your nightly skincare routines in tandem, comment on someone’s choice of pajamas, observe how many pillows they need to fall asleep. “You’ve seen how I do my hair at night,” says Jaimie Arona Krems, an associate professor of psychology and the director of the UCLA Center for Friendship Research, “or you’ve seen my big, stupid sleep shirt, and we’re still friends, and you didn’t tell anyone else.”

Feeling safe and comfortable enough to tangibly bare all, sleepover attendees might be more willing to be more emotionally vulnerable, too, according to Krems. Cocooned and protected in your home (or the home of someone you love), you might let your guard down, be more disclosing. To just be.

“The home is an environment where people feel more comfortable. You’re allowed to let down your guard a little bit more,” says Obaze, who recently hosted Bria for a sleepover. “When you give people that ability to make themselves at home, and you’re open, they’re also open, and you can just do so much more.”

Selecting a health insurance plan in the US is a little like going through a maze, or solving an impossibly difficult crossword puzzle. It can be a morass of hard-to-figure-out terms — HMO, PPO, deductible, premium, coinsurance — and plans. Under another Donald Trump presidency, understanding Affordable Care Act insurance plans may get even more confusing. Whether you’re choosing an employer-sponsored plan or you’re shopping on the health insurance marketplace, this chore might be one of the more complicated things you do all year.

“Things change year to year, so even if you think that you’ve got it figured out, you could have a plan that works super and then the insurers will make changes and then that can throw things off for you next year,” says Jessy Foster, the deputy director of policy and partnerships at the Pennsylvania Health Access Network. “There’s a lack of transparency … that makes it hard for people to know what the cost of any specific service is going to be.”

There are generally four ways to get health insurance in the US: employer-sponsored health insurance, individual or private plans purchased through the health care marketplace formed by the Affordable Care Act, Medicare, and Medicaid. 

You can’t just decide to do so whenever you want, however. There are a few conditions under which you can enroll in health insurance:

• If you start a new job, you’ll be able to elect health coverage if your employer offers it. 
• If you’re turning 65, you can sign up for Medicare. 
• If you are low-income, you may qualify for free or reduced-cost health insurance through Medicaid. Each state has its own eligibility requirements.
• If you’re turning 26 and are still on your parents’ plan, you’ll need to get on your employer’s plan or find coverage through the health care marketplace. 
• If you’ve experienced a qualifying life event — like losing coverage, getting married, having a baby, or moving — you can enroll in health insurance.
• Otherwise, you can sign up or make changes to your existing plan during open enrollment. Employers set their own open enrollment period for employees to make their selections. Open enrollment for the health care marketplace is November 1 through January 15.

Whether you’ve just turned 26 and are selecting a plan for the first time or are making a change during open enrollment, here are some questions to ask yourself before choosing health insurance. No single factor will determine your choice; rather, take all things into consideration.

What is my budget?

The language associated with health insurance can be confusing. Here are important terms to know:

• The premium is the amount you pay every month to your insurer for coverage. If you get your insurance through your job, this comes out of your paycheck before taxes are taken out. 
• The deductible is the amount of money you pay for health services before your insurance kicks in. 
• Once you’ve hit your deductible, you’ll pay copayments for any health care service that’s covered under your plan. The amount — for instance, $20 — is fixed for each appointment.
• Coinsurance works similarly but is a percentage of the cost of a covered service and not a flat fee; again, this is only applicable after you’ve hit your deductible. 
• Out-of-pocket maximum is the most you have to pay for deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance in a given year. Once you hit the out-of-pocket maximum, your insurer pays 100 percent of the costs. This cost doesn’t include your monthly premium or out-of-network care.
• For example, your premium could be $115 a month with a $2,000 deductible. You’ll need to pay for the first $2,000 of covered services yourself; after that point, when you go to a doctor, you’ll only pay a copay (say, $20 for a doctor’s appointment) or coinsurance (where you’ll be responsible for 30 percent of the total bill, for instance). Once you hit your out-of-pocket maximum — say, $4,000 — after spending that amount on deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance, you won’t pay anything for services.

When selecting a plan from the marketplace, you’ll have four price options to choose from: bronze, silver, gold, and platinum. Bronze has the lowest monthly premium but highest copays and deductibles. As you ascend from silver to platinum, the monthly premium rises but the copays and deductibles are lower. 

For people who are shopping for health care on the marketplace and have lower incomes but don’t qualify for Medicaid, they’re likely to qualify for cost-sharing reductions, Foster says. A cost-sharing reduction lowers the amount of copayments, deductibles, and coinsurance. But you must enroll in a silver-level plan to get the extra assistance. “If they are eligible for that extra assistance,” she says, “that might lower or, in some cases, totally get rid of some of those deductibles and those plans will suddenly become comparable to a gold-level plan or, in some cases, even better.”

Even if you don’t qualify for cost-sharing reductions, you likely have access to tax credits that lower your monthly premium if you’re purchasing insurance through the marketplace. These credits are based on your income and your household (i.e. if you’re single, married, or have children). 

You’ll want to take all costs into consideration when choosing a plan, not just the premium. 

“Comparing premiums across health plans is like comparing apples to oranges to lemons to limes,” says Noah Lang, the CEO and co-founder of Stride Health, a platform that helps independent workers find the best Affordable Care Act health insurance plan for their needs. “These are different fundamental financial products you’re buying at the end of the day.”

What can you realistically spend on a premium each month? How much money comes out of each paycheck for health insurance? What is the maximum amount you would be okay with spending for a doctor’s visit? Would enrolling in Medicare cost less than remaining on your employer plan if you’re over 65 and still working? 

Would you rather pay a higher premium but get charged less when receiving care? Or do you feel more comfortable paying a lower premium monthly but shouldering higher costs for care?

What are my medical needs?

To help determine your answer to the latter two questions, you’ll need to evaluate what your medical needs are and whether your doctors are in-network. There are different types of plans that determine your network of providers. You’ll most likely encounter plans that fall under one of five plan types: health maintenance organization (HMO), preferred provider organization (PPO), exclusive provider organization (EPO), point of service (POS), and high-deductible health plans (HDHP).

• HMOs cover care you receive from in-network providers, with exceptions for emergencies. You’ll need a referral to see a specialist. HMOs generally have lower premiums and out-of-pocket and prescription costs. 
• PPOs have a list of preferred providers that cost less if you use them. This list may be broad or limited, so definitely see if your preferred providers are on it. You don’t have to stay in-network for care, but it will be more expensive to go out of network. You don’t need a referral to see a specialist. PPOs are also more expensive.
• EPOs have lower monthly premiums than PPOs but require you to stay in-network when seeking care. You typically don’t need a referral to see a specialist.
• POS plans allow patients to choose between staying in-network and going out of network for providers, but you’ll pay more for out-of-network services. You’ll need a referral before going to a specialist. POS plans may be more expensive than HMOs and less expensive than PPOs.
• HDHPs have lower monthly premiums, but as the name implies, a higher deductible — for 2025, the minimum HDHP deductible is $1,650 for individuals and $3,300 for families. You may be able to see both in-network and out-of-network providers, based on the plan. You’ll also be able to open a health savings account (HSA), an account that you and/or your employer can contribute to that you can use to pay for medical expenses not covered by the HDHP, like copays and prescriptions. The funds in an HSA are not subject to federal income tax.  

Determine your health priorities based on the plan options available, Foster says. If your priority is staying with your preferred doctor, you may want a PPO. If you want to see a lot of specialists and don’t want to get a referral every time, a PPO or EPO might work for you. If you haven’t been to the doctor in a while but suspect you’ll need to catch up on a lot of appointments, you may want a plan that has lower copays and a higher monthly premium. If you’re mainly focused on keeping costs down and are generally healthy, you could opt for a high-deductible plan. Just be aware of the exact dollar amount in these high-deductible plans. “We’ve seen some really, really high deductible plans where it’s $7,000 to $8,000 per person, or double that for the family,” Foster says, “and not a realistic amount that most people can pay.”

While it’s hard to know in advance, consider how often you will be seeking medical care. Are those preferred providers and prescriptions covered? Will you want to seek referrals from your primary care doctor? If you’re anticipating surgery or pregnancy, you may want to choose a plan with a lower deductible. If you regularly visit specialists, you’ll want a plan that doesn’t require referrals but lists your doctor as an in-network provider. If you don’t anticipate seeking care beyond a preventative visit, you may want a plan with a lower premium.

“If you’re one of these people that says ‘I want a plan where I don’t have to have referrals, I can see any doctor that accepts Medicare, I can go to any hospital or facility that accepts Medicare,’ then that type of flexibility will cost you money,” says David Luna, the president and co-founder of Connie Health, a digital platform that helps seniors choose a Medicare plan. “If you’re okay with having a plan similar to your employer plan where you’re paying zero [in premiums], but when you use it, you’re paying a copayment, then you would look at a Medicare Advantage plan.”

Keep in mind that some plans don’t offer dental or vision coverage and you might need to add on those services through the marketplace or a separate plan offered by your employer.

Does this plan cover doctors and medications I already know and like?

A lower premium won’t be as effective if your preferred providers are out of network. “If you have a doctor you love and you want to keep, that might drive you to pick a health plan that you’re willing to spend more for,” Lang says. 

While researching plans, look through their provider list to see if your doctors are in-network. Most insurance providers have a searchable directory where you can input your practitioner’s name. “You don’t want to enroll in a health plan that doesn’t have very many doctors or one clinic in your area,” Lang says, “because then you might not have easy access to care.”

Don’t forget to look up any specialists you see, too: dermatologists, therapists, chiropractors, orthopedic surgeons, or fertility clinics. If you’re unsure if a provider is in-network, call them and ask.

Some plans have tiered provider networks where they are priced based on the value of care they provide, Foster says. Keep in mind where your preferred providers fall if your plan is tiered. “There can be a tier one, tier two, tier three,” Foster says. “Tier one might be, let’s say $10, $20 copay. But if your doctor’s in-network but they’re tier three, that $20 copay might suddenly be $80 per visit.”

Similarly, check to see if your current prescriptions are included in the plan’s formulary, a list of prescription drugs covered by the plan. 

Could I use some help with this?

It’s completely normal to still have questions even after reviewing plans. For help navigating the health care marketplace online portal, you can call the Marketplace Call Center where someone can walk you through enrollment. Platforms like Stride Health allow for a more user-friendly enrollment experience, plus offer free support from advisers, Lang says.

You can seek the help of a professional navigator or assister who can answer your questions and help you enroll. Navigators are funded by federal or state grants while assisters are funded by different grants administered by the states. These services are free and you can chat in person, over the phone, or online. Navigators and assisters are unbiased and will not vouch for one insurance company or plan over another. The government maintains a searchable database where you can find local navigators and assisters. According to Foster, it can be difficult to get an appointment with a navigator or assister during the first few days and last days of open enrollment. Make a plan early if you want to work with these professionals. 

You can also opt to get contacted directly by a health insurance agent or broker, who is trained to help you enroll in a plan. Agents and brokers may work for a specific health insurance company and thus won’t sell plans for companies they don’t represent; they may also earn commissions. You don’t need to pay extra to work with agents or brokers.    

“Ask all the questions. Don’t be shy,” Foster says. “I always tell folks if it was easy, we wouldn’t have jobs like navigators and assisters because we would be obsolete.”

Update, January 2, 2025, 10:30 am ET: This story, originally published October 16, 2023, has been updated with 2025 numbers and information.