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	<title type="text">Grant Rindner | Vox</title>
	<subtitle type="text">Our world has too much noise and too little context. Vox helps you understand what matters.</subtitle>

	<updated>2017-09-15T16:30:06+00:00</updated>

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				<name>Grant Rindner</name>
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			<title type="html"><![CDATA[How music supervisors create iconic TV moments]]></title>
			<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/9/15/16228376/music-supervision-tv-explained-who-picks-songs-for-shows" />
			<id>https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/9/15/16228376/music-supervision-tv-explained-who-picks-songs-for-shows</id>
			<updated>2017-09-15T12:30:06-04:00</updated>
			<published>2017-09-15T12:30:01-04:00</published>
			<category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Culture" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Explainers" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Music" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="TV" />
							<summary type="html"><![CDATA[When Susan Jacobs took home the first-ever Outstanding Music Supervision Emmy Award at the Creative Arts Emmys on September 10 for her work on the HBO miniseries Big Little Lies, her win represented not only a triumph for the veteran TV music supervisor but a major milestone for an industry that has been instrumental in [&#8230;]]]></summary>
			
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<img alt="" data-caption="Reese Witherspoon on HBO’s Big Little Lies, whose music supervisor Susan Jacobs recently won the first-ever Emmy for Music Supervision. | HBO" data-portal-copyright="HBO" data-has-syndication-rights="1" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/8003071/biglittleliesreese.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,7.9666666666667,100,92.033333333333" />
	<figcaption>
	Reese Witherspoon on HBO’s Big Little Lies, whose music supervisor Susan Jacobs recently won the first-ever Emmy for Music Supervision. | HBO	</figcaption>
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<p>When Susan Jacobs <a href="http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/creative-arts-emmys-handmaids-tale-alexis-bledel-jane-lynch-1202553806/">took home</a> the first-ever Outstanding Music Supervision Emmy Award at the <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/9/11/16289144/creative-arts-emmys-winners-hbo-netflix">Creative Arts Emmys</a> on September 10 for her work on the HBO miniseries <em>Big Little Lies</em>, her win represented not only a triumph for the veteran TV music supervisor but a major milestone for an industry that has been instrumental in shaping some of television&rsquo;s most memorable scenes.</p>

<p>Whether it was <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNwARV9tPUw">Sia&rsquo;s &ldquo;Breathe Me&rdquo; on <em>Six Feet Under</em></a>,<em> </em>or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXoILGnHnvM">&ldquo;Zou Bisou Bisou&rdquo; on <em>Mad Men</em></a>,<em> </em>or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-UHvYNzg0E">that infamous <em>OC </em>scene with Imogen Heap&rsquo;s &ldquo;Hide and Seek,&rdquo;</a> a well-placed song can amplify the emotional intensity and resonance of a moment, elevating it to fame. And while a flawless pairing of scene and soundtrack can feel perfectly serendipitous, these moments are almost always the result of someone poring through thousands of tracks and spending hours working with the show&rsquo;s creative team to find exactly the right tune, to say nothing of securing permission to use it. That&rsquo;s the job of the music supervisor, in a nutshell.</p>
<div class="youtube-embed"><iframe title="The O.C. best music moment #16 - &quot;Hide and Seek&quot; Imogen Heap" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/d-UHvYNzg0E?rel=0" allowfullscreen allow="accelerometer *; clipboard-write *; encrypted-media *; gyroscope *; picture-in-picture *; web-share *;"></iframe></div>
<p>But while other aspects of TV production that are just as important to storytelling &mdash; including costume design, makeup, and music composition &mdash; have been recognized by the Emmys and other awards bodies for years, this essential component of television is only now starting to receive accolades on the same level.</p>

<p>This year marks the first time the Emmys have had an <a href="http://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners/2017/outstanding-music-supervision">Outstanding Music Supervision</a> category, and while there could only be one victor (in addition to Jacobs, the inaugural Emmy class for Outstanding Music Supervision included Kerri Drootin and Zach Cowie for <em>Master of None</em>; Thomas Golubi&#263; for <em>Better Call Saul</em>;<em> </em>Manish Raval, Jonathan Leahy, and Tom Wolfe for <em>Girls</em>; and<em> </em>Nora Felder for <em>Stranger Things</em>), the moment is being celebrated all across the tight-knit music supervision industry as a major step in finally receiving attention for the crucial role music supervisors play in crafting the mood of a TV show&rsquo;s most pivotal moments.&nbsp;(Also notable: Unlike the other music-related Emmy categories, like Outstanding Music Composition or Outstanding Music Direction &mdash; where the 2017 nominees were nearly all male &mdash; the Outstanding Music Supervision category boasted a much more gender-diverse slate, <a href="http://variety.com/2017/music/awards/emmy-award-music-supervision-big-little-lies-susan-jacobs-1202558697/">with several women nominees and a woman winner</a>.)</p>

<p>Still, even as the rise of peak TV has spurred an interest in and recognition for the job, and even though there are more <a href="https://www.tunefind.com/">websites</a> <a href="http://www.what-song.com/">than</a> <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/NameThatSong/">ever</a> devoted to exploring the use of music on TV, there&rsquo;s a lot that people don&rsquo;t know about how it works.&nbsp;So to get a better sense of what music supervision entails, I spoke to many of the most distinguished names in the industry &mdash; including some of this year&rsquo;s inaugural Emmy nominees &mdash; about how their work has evolved, the ins and outs of what they do, and why they think their field is finally starting to be seen as the vital creative endeavor that it is.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">What is music supervision?</h2>
<p>Put simply, music supervision is the job of sourcing the songs that make up the soundtrack of a TV show or movie. In addition to actually choosing the music, supervisors are responsible for &ldquo;clearing&rdquo; each song with its publishers and copyright holders, by obtaining permission to license it so that it can be used legally.</p>

<p>While TV writers themselves will occasionally build a scene around a specific song, like <em>The Office&rsquo;s </em>cringeworthy <a href="http://entertainment.time.com/2008/10/31/office-watch-life-is-a-highway/">&ldquo;Life Is a Highway&rdquo;</a> road trip montage in season five, for the most part, a music supervisor works with a show&rsquo;s producers and writers to come up with song choices that fit scenes, illustrate the emotions of characters, and help create the desired atmosphere.</p>

<p>Maggie Phillips, who works on three different FX series &mdash; <em>Fargo</em>, <em>Legion</em>, and <em>Snowfall</em> &mdash; says one of the most important aspects of the job is the ability to occupy a character&rsquo;s state of mind, and to craft an appropriate musical palette by relying on a heightened sense of empathy.</p>

<p>&ldquo;You have to be very empathetic to do this, because you have to be able to put yourself in all these characters&rsquo; lives and feel what they&rsquo;re feeling,&rdquo; Phillips told me. &ldquo;You&rsquo;re listening for a bunch of different people, and that would probably be challenging be if you don&rsquo;t have a lot of empathy. That&rsquo;s why I know I&rsquo;m good at my job &mdash; I used to be empathetic to a fault.&rdquo;&nbsp;</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">What are some common misconceptions about the job?</h2>
<p>The opportunity to select music for a show may sound like a dream job, but while many music supervisors are grateful to be in their specific line of work, they stressed that there is a lot more to the job than just browsing Spotify or thumbing through record store racks all day.</p>

<p>&ldquo;I think the largest misconception is just that music supervision is about having good taste in music,&rdquo; Rob Lowry, who currently works on Freeform&rsquo;s <em>The Bold Type </em>and was previously involved with FXX&rsquo;s <em>Man Seeking Woman</em>, told me. &ldquo;Sure, that&#8217;s a part of it, but it encompasses many things. You&#8217;re dealing with budgets, you&#8217;re negotiating fees, researching copyrights &#8230; it&#8217;s all one big puzzle.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Thomas Golubi&#263;, who was nominated for the inaugural Music Supervision Emmy for his work on <em>Better Call Saul </em>and who previously worked on <em>Breaking Bad</em>, highlighted the differences between the work of a music supervisor and that of a composer.</p>

<p>&ldquo;In many ways, the composer&rsquo;s role &mdash; not always, but very much in <em>Better Call Saul </em>and <em>Breaking Bad </em>&mdash; is to be in the chair of the audience,&rdquo; he told me, explaining that composers are often writing music that heightens or reacts to the emotion of the moment and doesn&rsquo;t necessarily factor into a longer-term character and plot arcs the way a music supervisor&rsquo;s selections might. &ldquo;[Viewers] don&rsquo;t have any more information [about an episode or a plot] than what they have in front of them. Whereas the supervisors are very much crafting and arcing out ideas that we are changing and revising as we go.&rdquo;</p>
<div class="youtube-embed"><iframe title="Mad Men - Zou Bisou Bisou (720p)" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yXoILGnHnvM?rel=0" allowfullscreen allow="accelerometer *; clipboard-write *; encrypted-media *; gyroscope *; picture-in-picture *; web-share *;"></iframe></div>
<p>It&rsquo;s also important to understand that music supervisors are but one part of a larger storytelling organism. Kerry Drootin, who was Emmy-nominated for Aziz Ansari&rsquo;s Netflix series <em>Master of None</em> alongside her co-supervisor Zach Cowie, noted that the job necessitates working toward achieving the vision of a show&rsquo;s producers, which can clash with a supervisor&rsquo;s personal taste.</p>

<p>&ldquo;There&rsquo;s a case like <em>Master of None </em>and these rare unicorns of shows where you can actually [choose music that appeals to you personally], but they&rsquo;re pretty few and far between for the most part. A lot of people think you just get to put in your favorite songs and it&rsquo;s super cool and &lsquo;I have great taste, so I&rsquo;m going to show it off,&rsquo;&rdquo; Drootin told me. &ldquo;In reality, you&rsquo;re working for the producers, and you have to help make the show that they want. A lot of times you&rsquo;re dealing with music that might not be your favorite, and you really have to get your ego out of the way a lot more than a lot of people expect.&rdquo;</p>

<p>While music supervision bears some passing similarities to the record industry job of A&amp;R &mdash; a.k.a. &ldquo;artists and repertoire&rdquo; &mdash; in terms of discovering new artists and music, being a TV music supervisor doesn&rsquo;t provide nearly as much of an opportunity to create a platform for rising artists as many might believe. The field is actually rather technical, requiring knowledge of how to track down the owners of a song&rsquo;s publishing rights and the way to properly clear a track for use on a show.</p>

<p>&ldquo;A lot of it is creative and listening to music and finding that perfect spot. But that takes a lot of trial and error and a lot of time, and then there&rsquo;s a lot of production and paperwork and a lot of negotiations of dealing with budgets and dealing with the rights and clearance,&rdquo; said Phillips.<em> </em>&ldquo;There is some discovery of artists, but it&rsquo;s much more about discovery of what tools work to tell the story and add to the story and the characters.&rdquo;&nbsp;</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Sometimes the clearance process is a breeze. Often, it’s not.</h2>
<p>Since music supervisors frequently pull from all over the music world and all different time periods (as opposed to what&rsquo;s currently on the radio in the US), there&rsquo;s rarely a standard way a placement happens. This can sometimes require kissing up to a song&rsquo;s publisher or the artist themselves &mdash; and sometimes there&rsquo;s plenty of difficulty in just figuring out how to make a clearance request in the first place.</p>

<p>One of the most instantly recognizable songs to appear in last year&rsquo;s surprise hit <em>Stranger Things</em> was the Clash&rsquo;s &ldquo;Should I Stay or Should I Go,&rdquo; which plays at several important moments in the story and symbolizes not only the supernatural struggles of the missing Will Byers but also his relationship with his older brother, Jonathan. <em>Stranger Things</em> music supervisor and Emmy nominee Nora Felder recalls that getting permission to use such a well-known song was no small feat.&nbsp;</p>

<p>&ldquo;With <em>Stranger Things </em>being a first-season show, [&ldquo;Should I Stay or Should I Go&rdquo;] needed to be cleared purely based on the synopsis and scene descriptions provided, which proved to be tricky,&nbsp;because&nbsp;we were&nbsp;selling a new show no one had seen yet and it was about kids and monsters from an alternate world,&rdquo; Felder told me. &ldquo;Also, as the uses of this song evolved with every new chapter of <em>Stranger Things</em>, we needed to be even more cautious about&nbsp;each revised&nbsp;clearance&nbsp;request. We wanted to make sure that the Clash and their representatives did not think we were trivializing the use of their song.&rdquo;</p>

<p>But at least in the case of &ldquo;Should I Stay or Should I Go,&rdquo; there was a straightforward path to getting <em>Stranger Things</em>&rsquo; proposal in front of the right people. Occasionally, the question of whom to talk to about clearance is more muddled than you might think.</p>

<p>For Drootin, <em>Master of None</em>&rsquo;s penultimate season two episode, &ldquo;Amarsi Un Po&rsquo;,&rdquo; hinged on the titular Lucio Battisti song, and tracking down the rights holder &mdash; Battisti&rsquo;s widow, Grazia Letizia Veronese &mdash; was a herculean effort. Though the majority of rights to Battisti&rsquo;s music is controlled by major labels and publishers, &ldquo;Amarsi Un Po&rsquo;&rdquo; is controlled by Veronese, and in Drootin&rsquo;s preliminary research, she found that Veronese seemingly had never allowed for any of her late husband&rsquo;s music that she controlled to be used for TV shows.&nbsp;</p>

<p>&ldquo;I spent months on it,&rdquo; Drootin recounted. &ldquo;Zach [Cowie] is the sweetest guy in the world, and he&rsquo;d send me these [messages] like, &lsquo;Hey, just checking in. Aziz <em>really </em>needs this song.&rsquo; Of course it&rsquo;s like the one song [Ansari] was dead set on. There were so many times where I was like, &lsquo;I&rsquo;m done; I can&rsquo;t spend my life on this song.&nbsp;It&rsquo;s crazy &mdash; I have other shows, I&rsquo;m doing other things, I have to move on. Pick a backup.&rsquo; And they wouldn&rsquo;t.&rdquo;</p>

<p>The break finally came when someone at Universal Publishing, which controls some of Battisti&rsquo;s music, connected Drootin with the company&rsquo;s Italian office, which managed to get her proposal in front of Veronese.</p>

<p>&ldquo;I got this email from her that was like, &lsquo;Yeah, we&rsquo;d love to do this. Next time just reach out to me directly; this could have gone a lot smoother. You could have had an answer months ago!&rsquo;&rdquo; Drootin said. &ldquo;It all worked out literally two days before the mix. I had [spent] five or six months on it, and I really didn&rsquo;t think it was going to happen. We&rsquo;d just picked a backup, and then this one came through really at the last minute.&rdquo;</p>

<p>And Cowie says he couldn&rsquo;t be more impressed with his colleague&rsquo;s work on the season. &ldquo;Kerri blew all of our minds with [her] continued creative input as well as her skillful navigation of the extremely tricky Italian repertoire we chose to lean on,&rdquo; he told me.</p>

<p>Yet even when making contact is easy, sometimes the process of convincing an artist to allow a show to use their song can be an incredibly time-consuming endeavor.</p>

<p>&ldquo;There was a song I cleared for <em>Fargo </em>season two that I kept talking to one of the songwriters once a week [for an hour], just shooting the shit, chatting, hand holding, so they would agree to give it to me,&rdquo; said Phillips. &ldquo;That&rsquo;s the part people don&rsquo;t understand is clearing songs &mdash; there&rsquo;s no rhyme or reason to it, and it&rsquo;s not the same for each song [or] even each part of the song. You have to manage tons of relationships and know how to work with many different personalities.&rdquo;</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">What is the typical dynamic between supervisors and other people working on a show? </h2>
<p>For many shows, the process of sourcing music starts with a conversation between the show&rsquo;s writers and producers as work begins on a season.&nbsp;</p>

<p>&ldquo;Our practice generally for <em>Better Call Saul </em>is that we&rsquo;ll meet in the beginning of a season with the writers&rsquo; room before they&rsquo;ve written any scripts yet,&rdquo; Golubi&#263; told me. &ldquo;All they have are outlines and a general sense of the arc of the characters. We start to calibrate almost a seasonal arc that is going to be touching upon some of those themes, developing some of those textures, carrying those characters into new areas of music, potentially, or new fascinations, or introducing new characters that have new palettes.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Manish Raval, a 2017 Emmy nominee alongside Tom Wolfe and Jonathan Leahy for the trio&rsquo;s work on <em>Girls</em>, said that throughout the show&rsquo;s six-season run, he and his co-supervisors were constantly gathering music that elicited a strong reaction in them and that they felt could potentially be right for the show.</p>

<p>&ldquo;Anytime we&rsquo;re supplied a scene where we have to find music for it, the first thing we like to go to is this bag of tricks we&rsquo;ve set aside &mdash; these are things that we&rsquo;ve had emotional responses to, [so] let&rsquo;s see if any of these work in the scene,&rdquo; Raval told me<em>. </em>&ldquo;Now, if we can&rsquo;t find anything there, then we do the scouring of trying to find something similar, or maybe they have an idea that they&rsquo;d given us direction for, if it&rsquo;s something so wildly different than what our initial response is.&rdquo;</p>

<p>In the case of working on a show with a very distinct authorial vision like Lena Dunham&rsquo;s on <em>Girls </em>or Aziz Ansari and Alan Yang&rsquo;s on <em>Master of None</em>, a close, collaborative relationship is practically required between the music supervisor and the creators.</p>

<p>&ldquo;We always felt like [Dunham] was the final say [on <em>Girls</em>], and over the years of getting to know her more and more, we wanted to find what her personal taste was,&rdquo; said Raval. &ldquo;The way we operated was that we had a very fluid musical relationship. &hellip; Even when we finished working on a particular season and you go on hiatus and see each other next year, we never stopped working with each other. We just had a year-round continuous musical friendship.&rdquo;&nbsp;</p>

<p>Before starting work on <em>Master of None</em>, Drootin had previously worked with Ansari and Yang on the NBC series <em>Parks and Recreation</em>,<em> </em>and said she felt that a lot of <em>Parks and Rec</em>&rsquo;s music-heavy scenes were Ansari&rsquo;s. In contrast to <em>Master of None</em>, a lot of <em>Parks and Rec</em>&rsquo;s songs were written in as jokes (like Andy&rsquo;s band Mouse Rat&rsquo;s Lil Sebastian ode <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-PUW6y4F6c">&ldquo;5000 Candles in the Wind&rdquo;</a>), and that made working on <em>Master of None </em>a much more intensive experience for her as a music supervisor, since it relies so heavily on sourced music.</p>

<p>&ldquo;I knew [Aziz] was going to definitely have ideas for what he&rsquo;d want for <em>Master of None, </em>but this show is way more wall-to-wall music,&rdquo; said Drootin.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Why do supervisors think they’re finally receiving mainstream recognition?</h2>
<p>&ldquo;The level of content has risen so much. You start with <em>The Sopranos </em>and <em>The Wire, </em>and now there are so many excellent programs you don&rsquo;t even have time to watch them all,&rdquo; <em>Fargo</em>&rsquo;s Phillips told me. &ldquo;As the content has risen, excellence is the norm now as opposed to the anomaly. Excellent storytelling demands excellent production design, acting, editing, lighting, and then also music.&rdquo;</p>

<p>While the rise of Peak TV coincides with increased exposure for music supervisors, the efforts of the <a href="http://www.guildofmusicsupervisors.com/">Guild of Music Supervisors</a> cannot be overlooked. The nonprofit organization was founded in 2010, with the mission of both being a resource for working music supervisors across different visual mediums, including film and TV, and raising awareness of the profession among other sections of the entertainment industry.</p>

<p><em>Better Call Saul</em>&rsquo;s Golubi&#263;, who now serves as the guild&rsquo;s president, has plans to continue to develop a community within the music supervision world, as well as to increase the industry&rsquo;s recognition and visibility. In particular, now that the Emmys have added a music supervision category, having a similar category added to the Oscars is one of the guild&rsquo;s major goals.</p>

<p>&ldquo;From my perspective, the recognition of&nbsp;this new category had a lot to do with efforts by the Guild of Music Supervisors, which has only been active for less than a decade,&rdquo; <em>Stranger Things</em>&rsquo; Felder told me. &ldquo;Before the guild, we really never had a unified voice to speak out on our behalf. Due to the tireless efforts of a handful of music supervisors calling for change, the guild was formed and became our voice.&rdquo;&nbsp;</p>

<p>Another reason Golubi&#263; believes music supervision is garnering more attention is that Peak TV has made it abundantly clear that television is naturally a great place to showcase music, because its fluidity allows for a show&rsquo;s relationship with music to change and evolve over the course of its run.</p>

<p>&ldquo;I think [the increased attention on music supervision] is really reflective primarily of the fact that television has become, in my mind, the best place for music supervision work, partly because you&rsquo;re dealing with time constraints and you&rsquo;re dealing with budget constraints and you&rsquo;re dealing with serialized stories, which means that you can use music in a way that is a little more shifting over the course of time,&rdquo; he said. &ldquo;Some shows may use music very minimally in the beginning and then realize &lsquo;We&rsquo;re missing an opportunity here,&rsquo; and you can course-correct.&rdquo;&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>The Bold Type</em>&rsquo;s Lowry also suspects that music supervision&rsquo;s increased prominence stems in part, at least from the music industry&rsquo;s perspective, from the fact that licensing and clearance fees are accounting for a larger share of a diminishing music revenue pie.</p>

<p>&ldquo;I think that soundtracks have always been a cool thing. I remember being a kid and buying the <em>Armageddon </em>soundtrack or the <em>Titanic </em>soundtrack or <em>Reality Bites </em>or <em>Almost Famous</em>,&rdquo; he told me. &ldquo;But I think it&rsquo;s taking a little bit more of a front-and-center approach right now because sync [licensing songs for use in visual media like TV shows or video games] is a huge way &mdash; and one of the big and only ways &mdash; for artists to make money, and there&rsquo;s money to be made for them. So along with audiences focusing on it, [getting music into TV shows is] a huge priority for artists and labels.&rdquo;</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Even with music supervision’s increased profile, there is still work to be done</h2>
<p>The new Emmy category is a major step toward music supervisors receiving the same level of credit and exposure as other behind-the-scenes creative players. Golubi&#263; stressed the importance of better pay, explaining that a typical salary for a music supervisor is &ldquo;closer to your local Starbucks barista&rdquo; than to that of a composer.</p>

<p>Perhaps that&rsquo;s why Jacobs <a href="http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/creative-arts-emmys-handmaids-tale-alexis-bledel-jane-lynch-1202553806/">told Variety</a> following her win, &ldquo;We&rsquo;re sort of like the bastard children&rdquo; of the TV world.</p>

<p>As Peak TV continues to dominate the media landscape and fans keep becoming more invested in different elements of the television series they follow, music supervision will only become more important. And the goal of the music supervision industry is to leverage that interest into recognition and exposure for the people spending the long hours finding songs, tracking down their rights, and helping get them to the screen.</p>
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			<entry>
			
			<author>
				<name>Grant Rindner</name>
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			<title type="html"><![CDATA[The Handmaid’s Tale showrunner Bruce Miller on creating a living, breathing theocratic dystopia]]></title>
			<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/30/16225740/bruce-miller-interview-podcast" />
			<id>https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/30/16225740/bruce-miller-interview-podcast</id>
			<updated>2017-08-31T14:34:55-04:00</updated>
			<published>2017-08-31T14:34:52-04:00</published>
			<category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Culture" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Podcasts" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="TV" />
							<summary type="html"><![CDATA[On The Handmaid&#8217;s Tale, Elisabeth Moss&#8217;s character, Offred, doesn&#8217;t have many opportunities to be in the outside world of Gilead, the nation that has replaced the United States. But when she does there&#8217;s an eerie serenity that makes the terrors of the show&#8217;s theocratic totalitarianism even more frightening, because it can create something so beautiful [&#8230;]]]></summary>
			
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<img alt="" data-caption="Miller with (from left) Hulu Head of Originals Beatrice Springborn, Television Academy President Maury McIntyre, and The Handmaid’s Tale star Elisabeth Moss. | The Emmys" data-portal-copyright="The Emmys" data-has-syndication-rights="1" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9143455/milleremmys.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" />
	<figcaption>
	Miller with (from left) Hulu Head of Originals Beatrice Springborn, Television Academy President Maury McIntyre, and The Handmaid’s Tale star Elisabeth Moss. | The Emmys	</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>On <em>The Handmaid&rsquo;s Tale</em>, Elisabeth Moss&rsquo;s character, Offred, doesn&rsquo;t have many opportunities to be in the outside world of Gilead, the nation that has replaced the United States. But when she does there&rsquo;s an eerie serenity that makes the terrors of the show&rsquo;s theocratic totalitarianism even more frightening, because it can create something so beautiful on the surface.</p>

<p>&ldquo;Most dystopias are rather dusty and full of robots and rubble and that kind of thing,&rdquo; producer/writer Bruce Miller tells Vox critic at large Todd VanDerWerff on the latest episode of his podcast,<em> </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/i-think-youre-interesting"><em>I Think You&rsquo;re Interesting</em></a>. &ldquo;This is a beautiful dystopia, which is one of the things that makes it novel; the beauty is a storytelling piece.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Miller, who has produced a wide range of shows including <em>ER, Medium</em>, and <em>Alphas</em>, first discovered the 1985 Margaret Atwood novel <em>The Handmaid&rsquo;s Tale </em>while in college, and it stuck with him throughout his career.</p>

<p>&ldquo;You have a lot of time to think about it as you absorb other kinds of media through your life,&rdquo; says Miller. &ldquo;I always loved the book and I loved the world; it kind of started me reading a lot of dystopian fiction. You read <em>The Handmaid&rsquo;s Tale</em> and then you see <em>Rosemary&rsquo;s Baby</em> and say, &lsquo;Hmm&hellip;that&rsquo;s interesting visually and tonally.&rsquo;&rdquo;</p>

<p>When he eventually got the opportunity to be involved with Hulu&rsquo;s production of the show, he ran with it, bringing years of familiarity with the story and a well-developed sense of how he wanted the world the characters inhabit to look and feel, even beyond what&rsquo;s shown on screen. This introduced the challenge of depicting the world as it exists both to those it subjugates and those it benefits.</p>

<p>&ldquo;Unlike <em>Westworld</em>, and unlike a lot of other shows, Gilead the world is not a mystery. Some of it is hidden from June/Offred because her perspective is so limited, but it&rsquo;s not like they&rsquo;re keeping it secret,&rdquo; Miller says. &ldquo;Revealing things about the world are generally not going to be big surprises or story points for the audience.&rdquo;</p>

<p>To that end, Miller says that he and the show&rsquo;s writers work to keep their notion of the world from becoming too rigid or clear in its distinctions between good and evil, allowing its makeup to develop and change as more information is revealed about the show&rsquo;s characters. This also allows the audience to see the world of<em> The Handmaid&rsquo;s Tale </em>from a different perspective on occasion, since the show focuses so heavily on Offred&rsquo;s viewpoint.</p>

<p>&ldquo;It&rsquo;s easy to do a black-and-white version in your head of &lsquo;Gilead bad, handmaids and victims good,&rsquo; and that&rsquo;s not the way the show or the world lays out, and so the more you find out about the Commander and Serena Joy and what their relationship is like and how they were instrumental in building this place, that tells you what the place is going to be on a more emotional, granular level,&rdquo; says Miller.</p>

<p>Naturally, depicting an oppressive, male-dominated system of government has led to <a href="http://www.rollingstone.com/tv/features/the-handmaids-tale-tvs-most-chilling-trump-era-series-w478718">plenty of</a> <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/handmaids-tale-trump-era-inside-the-hive-podcast">comparisons</a> to the Trump administration, and Miller insists even while depicting this world, he and the writing team are careful not to depict it simply as wish-fulfillment for those in charge.</p>

<p>&ldquo;People always say, &lsquo;Oh, you&rsquo;re representing this person&rsquo;s fantasy,&rsquo; and I don&rsquo;t think Gilead is anybody&rsquo;s fantasy, including the people in Gilead. I don&rsquo;t see many people who are jumping up and down happy about the way it turned out,&rdquo; Miller tells VanDerWerff.</p>

<p>There was trepidation on set about leaning too hard into the Trump allegory, but Miller says that ultimately incorporating some of those elements helped the show to define itself and the world of Gilead as being separate from our own.</p>

<p>&ldquo;Some things that we were hesitant to do in the first season, things that were not necessarily pulled from today&rsquo;s headlines but felt very of-the-now, we were a little worried about doing those things because it would feel like a reflection of the world today, not Gilead [as] a fictional world,&rdquo; says Miller. &ldquo;Those things were very successful for us, I think they helped build Gilead, and also they helped define Gilead as not this world &mdash; in some ways it is metaphorical to our world &mdash; but we&rsquo;re not telling a story about the Trump administration.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Miller also stresses the importance of depicting the human interactions between people of power, like the Commanders and the Aunts, which shows how the world of Gilead exists in reality beyond just the rules that were written to create it, and makes the terror experienced by characters like Offred even more understandable.</p>

<p>&ldquo;We could sit down today and look at all the pieces of paper that make up the US government and I don&rsquo;t think that would describe how it feels to live under the US government,&rdquo; he says.</p>

<p>Listen to the full <em>I Think You&rsquo;re Interesting</em> episode for more about the unique advantages of working with Elisabeth Moss as a producer, the challenges of being a male showrunner on a project about women, and how Miller fought <em>The Handmaid&rsquo;s Tale</em> becoming too serialized.</p>
<div class="megaphone.fm-embed"><a href="https://player.megaphone.fm/VMP7617174626" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">View Link</a></div>
<p><em>To hear more interviews with fascinating people from the world of arts and culture &mdash; from powerful showrunners to web series creators to documentary filmmakers &mdash; </em><a href="http://www.vox.com/i-think-youre-interesting"><em><strong>check out the I Think You&rsquo;re Interesting archives</strong></em></a><em>.</em></p>
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									</content>
			
					</entry>
			<entry>
			
			<author>
				<name>Grant Rindner</name>
			</author>
			
			<title type="html"><![CDATA[2017 VMAs live stream: how to watch and what to expect]]></title>
			<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/25/16191014/vma-2017-livestream-katy-perry-taylor-swift-kendrick-lamar" />
			<id>https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/25/16191014/vma-2017-livestream-katy-perry-taylor-swift-kendrick-lamar</id>
			<updated>2017-08-27T19:54:53-04:00</updated>
			<published>2017-08-27T19:54:50-04:00</published>
			<category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Culture" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Music" />
							<summary type="html"><![CDATA[The 2017 MTV Video Music Awards will take place this Sunday, August 27, and they&#8217;re sure to bring the usual mix of flashy pop stars, celebrity drama, and innovative performances that have made the annual show a late-summer staple. Hosted by Katy Perry from the Forum in Los Angeles, the awards will air live on [&#8230;]]]></summary>
			
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<img alt="" data-caption="Perry is hosting and performing at this year’s awards. | David LaChapelle/MTV" data-portal-copyright="David LaChapelle/MTV" data-has-syndication-rights="1" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9110525/Katy_Perry_VMAs.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=8.75,0,91.25,100" />
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	Perry is hosting and performing at this year’s awards. | David LaChapelle/MTV	</figcaption>
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<p>The 2017 MTV <a href="http://www.mtv.com/vma">Video Music Awards</a> will take place this Sunday, August 27, and they&rsquo;re sure to bring the usual mix of flashy pop stars, celebrity drama, and innovative performances that have made the annual show a late-summer staple. Hosted by Katy Perry from the Forum in Los Angeles, the awards will air live on both coasts and feature a<a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/25/16191014/vma-2017-livestream-katy-perry-taylor-swift-kendrick-lamar"> stacked list of performances from the likes of Perr</a>y, Kendrick Lamar, Lorde, Miley Cyrus, Pink, and many others. Plus, if the <a href="http://metro.co.uk/2017/08/06/katy-perry-and-taylor-swift-set-to-share-a-stage-at-the-mtv-vmas-but-will-they-put-the-bad-blood-behind-them-6832331/">rumors</a> are true, Taylor Swift may make a surprise appearance. Here&rsquo;s everything you need to know.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">How to watch:</h2>
<p><strong>When: </strong>Sunday, August 27, at 8 pm Eastern/5 pm Pacific (with the pre-show kicking off at 7 pm Eastern/4 pm Pacific). MTV will air the awards live on both coasts.</p>

<p><strong>Live stream: </strong>If you have a TV provider login, you can live-stream the awards on <a href="http://www.mtv.com/live-tv">MTV Live</a>. Additional coverage will be available on MTV&rsquo;s <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MTV">YouTube</a> page.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Kendrick Lamar leads the nominations, followed by Katy Perry and the Weeknd</h2><img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9110495/800678264.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="2017 BET Experience STAPLES Center - Concert Sponsored By Sprite - Night 3" title="2017 BET Experience STAPLES Center - Concert Sponsored By Sprite - Night 3" data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="Lamar, who leads the pack in nominations, performing at the Staples Center in June. | Photo by Bennett Raglin/Getty Images for BET" data-portal-copyright="Photo by Bennett Raglin/Getty Images for BET" />
<p>Kendrick Lamar racked up the most 2017 VMA nominations with a total of eight &mdash; including Artist of the Year and Video of the Year for &ldquo;HUMBLE,&rdquo; the lead single off his album <em>DAMN</em>.</p>

<p>Lamar&rsquo;s <em>DAMN </em>has been <a href="http://www.metacritic.com/music/damn/kendrick-lamar">lauded</a> for its muscular rapping and rich, complex themes. When it was released, all 14 tracks <a href="http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7768215/kendrick-lamar-all-14-tracks-damn-hot-100">charted</a> on the Hot 100 at once, a feat that had only previously been accomplished by the Beatles, Drake, Justin Bieber, and the Weeknd.</p>

<p>Katy Perry and the Weeknd follow Lamar in total nominations, with five apiece.</p>

<p>Perry&rsquo;s single <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Um7pMggPnug">&ldquo;Chained to the Rhythm&rdquo;</a> is up for Best Visual Effects, Best Pop, and Best Direction. Perry is also in the running for Best Collaboration (for &ldquo;Feels&rdquo; with Calvin Harris, Pharrell Williams, and Big Sean) and Best Art Direction (for &ldquo;Bon App&eacute;tit&rdquo; with Migos).</p>

<p>Perry&rsquo;s latest album, <em>Witness, </em>debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 but was largely <a href="http://www.metacritic.com/music/witness/katy-perry">maligned</a> by critics, and its singles haven&rsquo;t charted with the same omnipotence of her earlier work. The singer, who has in the past been <a href="http://ew.com/music/2017/06/11/katy-perry-cultural-appropriation/">criticized</a> for cultural appropriation, has consciously been working to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/14/arts/music/katy-perry-witness-interview.html?_r=0">shed the naive pop star image</a> she built up earlier in her career.</p>

<p>The Weeknd is nominated for Artist of the Year, as well as Video of the Year, Best Direction, Best Editing, and Best Art Direction for the video to his single <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZjAg6fK-BQ">&ldquo;Reminder.&rdquo;</a></p>

<p>Though the song has only peaked at No. 31 on the Hot 100, the star-studded video has nearly 120 million plays on YouTube, and it includes cameos from A$AP Rocky, YG, and Drake, among many others.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Speculation abounds over whether Taylor Swift will perform — and whether she and Katy Perry will settle their longstanding feud</strong></h2><img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9110501/633865802.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="2017 DIRECTV NOW Super Saturday Night Concert In Houston - Taylor Swift Performance" title="2017 DIRECTV NOW Super Saturday Night Concert In Houston - Taylor Swift Performance" data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="Nothing is confirmed, but Swift is widely rumored to be making an appearance. | Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images for DIRECTV" data-portal-copyright="Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images for DIRECTV" />
<p>Taylor Swift is only nominated in one category: Best Collaboration, for her song &ldquo;I Don&rsquo;t Wanna Live Forever&rdquo; with Zayn Malik. But with the singer&rsquo;s recent announcement <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/22/16181300/taylor-swift-new-single-album-2017-timeless">that she has a new album on the way</a>, many are <a href="http://metro.co.uk/2017/08/06/katy-perry-and-taylor-swift-set-to-share-a-stage-at-the-mtv-vmas-but-will-they-put-the-bad-blood-behind-them-6832331/">speculating</a> she&rsquo;ll make a surprise appearance at the VMAs.</p>

<p>Swift&rsquo;s sixth record, <em>Reputation</em>,<em> </em>won&rsquo;t come out until November, <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/25/16201592/taylor-swift-new-single-look-what-you-made-me-do">but its first single, &ldquo;Look What You Made Me Do,&rdquo;</a> just dropped this week, making the VMAs the perfect place to debut the new track live.</p>

<p>Adding to the allure of a potential<strong> </strong>Swift appearance is the singer&rsquo;s ongoing feud with VMAs host Perry. The two have exchanged veiled barbs for years, and in a recent interview with NME, Perry <a href="http://www.nme.com/features/katy-perry-interview-2017-witness-2085386">accused</a> Swift of trying to &ldquo;assassinate my character with little girls.&rdquo;</p>

<p>There are <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vT-tHgoBnww">rumors</a> of a potential duet between the two that would squash their longstanding beef, but so far they seem largely unsubstantiated. No matter what, Perry is slated to perform her single &ldquo;Swish Swish,&rdquo; which has been widely <a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/jakekaplan/swish-swish-bish">interpreted</a> as a Swift diss track. A <a href="https://twitter.com/katyperry/status/899529782110695424?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fjenniferabidor%2Fpeople-are-saying-katy-perry-copied-taylor-swifts-bad-blood">trailer</a> for the single&rsquo;s as-yet-unreleased video has drawn <a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/jenniferabidor/people-are-saying-katy-perry-copied-taylor-swifts-bad-blood?utm_term=.knEoeejow#.rvNN779N8">criticism</a> for its resemblance to Swift&rsquo;s 2015 video for &ldquo;Bad Blood,&rdquo; a song that is widely believed to be about Perry.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The Moonman trophy is now the Moon Person trophy, as the VMAs strive to gender equality and social justice</strong></h2><img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9110509/mtv_vma_moonman_279c32fd_caab_4a73_bca8_ba680c6e3240.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="" title="" data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="The familiar Moonman will be replaced by the “Moon Person” at this year’s awards. | MTV" data-portal-copyright="MTV" />
<p>Amid <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/oscars-gender-categories_us_56ce7817e4b0bf0dab30d27d">ongoing</a> <a href="https://www.wmagazine.com/story/how-to-fix-the-oscars-gender-acting-awards-asia-kate-dillon">discussion</a> in the entertainment industry about whether award shows should <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/04/should-acting-awards-be-gender-neutral/522795/">maintain a distinction</a> <a href="http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/actors-actresses-separate-award-categories-mtv-just-eliminated/">between male and female nominees</a>, the VMAs are following in the footsteps of the MTV Movie &amp; TV Awards by <a href="http://ew.com/music/2017/07/25/mtv-2017-vma-nominations-kendrick-lamar/">forgoing gendered categories</a> for the first time in the show&rsquo;s history.</p>

<p>For example, the previous VMAs categories of Best Male Artist and Best Female Artist are no more; they&rsquo;ve been combined into a single category that&rsquo;s now titled Artist of the Year. (The six nominees for 2017 Artist of the Year are Lamar, the Weeknd, Ariana Grande, Bruno Mars, Ed Sheeran, and Lorde.)</p>

<p>The change also extends to the VMAs&rsquo; famous &ldquo;Moonman&rdquo; trophy, which will now be referred to as the &ldquo;Moon Person.&rdquo;</p>

<p>&#8220;Why should it be a man?&#8221; MTV president Chris McCarthy <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/30/business/media/mtv-total-request-live-revival.html">said</a> in July. &#8220;It could be a man, it could be a woman, it could be transgender, it could be nonconformist.&#8221;</p>

<p>In tandem with ditching gendered categories, the VMAs have also rebranded a previous category, Best Video With a Social Message, as <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/7/26/16027702/2017-mtv-vmas-nominees-best-fight-against-the-system">Best Fight Against the System</a>. As an MTV spokesperson <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/7/26/16027702/2017-mtv-vmas-nominees-best-fight-against-the-system">told Vox</a> earlier this year, the category is intended to reflect the VMA audience&rsquo;s &ldquo;passion and activism around social justice issues such as environmental justice, immigration, LGBTQ equality, and racial justice.&rdquo; Nominees in the category include the videos for Logic&rsquo;s &ldquo;Black SpiderMan,&rdquo; about accepting and embracing diversity, and Alessia Cara&rsquo;s &ldquo;Scars to Your Beautiful,&rdquo; about body image struggles.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Slated performers include Kendrick Lamar, Lorde, Ed Sheeran, and Pink</strong></h2><img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9110517/800188572.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="Glastonbury Festival 2017 - Day 2" title="Glastonbury Festival 2017 - Day 2" data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="Lorde is one of the highlights on an impressive list of scheduled performers. | Photo by Ian Gavan/Getty Images" data-portal-copyright="Photo by Ian Gavan/Getty Images" />
<p>Rising stars will headline the VMAs pre-show, which will feature performances from 19-year-old R&amp;B wunderkind Khalid, who&rsquo;s nominated for Best New Artist, and Cardi B, whose single &ldquo;Bodak Yellow&rdquo; isn&rsquo;t nominated for an award (likely due to its June release) but is the <a href="http://www.thefader.com/2017/08/22/cardi-b-perform-vmas">highest-charting</a> single by a woman rapper since Nicki Minaj&rsquo;s &ldquo;Anaconda.&rdquo; Producer Jack Antonoff&rsquo;s solo project, Bleachers, will also appear.</p>

<p>The main show will feature a <a href="http://www.mtv.com/vma/performers">stacked lineup</a> that includes performances from Perry, Lamar, the Weeknd, Lorde, Ed Sheeran, Miley Cyrus, and 2017 Video Vanguard recipient Pink, among others. Demi Lovato was also a <a href="http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/vma/7941055/demi-lovato-announces-vma-performance">late addition</a> to the bill.</p>

<p>Speaking to <a href="http://variety.com/2017/music/news/mtv-vmas-video-music-awards-katy-perry-1202537458/">Variety</a>, set designer Ric Lipson said this year&rsquo;s show includes five stages (more than ever before), and that the set will be keep with the show&rsquo;s outer space theme.</p>

<p>Perry has <a href="https://www.idolator.com/7667880/katy-perry-vmas-medley-demi-lovato-performance">announced</a> that she will be performing a medley of hits, and Variety speculates that she may descend from the ceiling onto the stage like <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txXwg712zw4">Lady Gaga</a> at the 2017 Super Bowl.</p>

<p>As for Taylor Swift, if she does perform, it&rsquo;s anyone&rsquo;s guess what she&rsquo;ll do.</p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator" />
<p><strong>Correction: </strong>An earlier version of this article said that the VMAs would begin at 7 PM Eastern. They will begin at 8 PM.</p>
						]]>
									</content>
			
					</entry>
			<entry>
			
			<author>
				<name>Grant Rindner</name>
			</author>
			
			<title type="html"><![CDATA[Game of Thrones’ season 7 finale has the potential to redeem a rocky season]]></title>
			<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/25/16194220/game-of-thrones-finale-stakes" />
			<id>https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/25/16194220/game-of-thrones-finale-stakes</id>
			<updated>2017-08-27T18:08:30-04:00</updated>
			<published>2017-08-27T18:08:27-04:00</published>
			<category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Culture" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Game of Thrones" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="TV" />
							<summary type="html"><![CDATA[Reactions to the penultimate episode of Game of Thrones&#8217; seventh season were not as universally laudatory as they&#8217;ve been in years past. Vox highlighted the rich tapestry of nonsense that was the White Walker battle; the Atlantic asked, &#8220;Does this story still know what it&#8217;s doing?&#8221;; and the Ringer claimed that at this point, the [&#8230;]]]></summary>
			
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<img alt="" data-caption="" data-portal-copyright="Macall B. Polay/HBO" data-has-syndication-rights="1" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9110661/Macall_B._Polay___HBO__Photo_3_.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" />
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<p>Reactions to the<em> </em>penultimate episode of <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/3/30/15127346/game-of-thrones-season-7-episodes-review-recap-news"><em>Game of Thrones</em></a>&rsquo; seventh season were not as universally laudatory as they&rsquo;ve been in years past. Vox <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/23/16184306/game-of-thrones-season-7-white-walker-dragon-battle-dumb-no-sense">highlighted the rich tapestry of nonsense</a> that was the White Walker battle; the Atlantic <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/08/deus-ex-westeros/537480/">asked</a>, &ldquo;Does this story still know what it&rsquo;s doing?&rdquo;; and the Ringer <a href="https://www.theringer.com/game-of-thrones/2017/8/20/16170748/season-7-episode-6-recap-beyond-the-wall">claimed</a> that at this point, the show has become the sort of ho-hum fantasy it once consciously tried to subvert.</p>

<p>But while <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/20/16160444/game-of-thrones-season-7-episode-6-beyond-the-wall-recap-dragon-dies">&ldquo;Beyond the Wall&rdquo;</a> left many dismayed about the show&rsquo;s future, this weekend&rsquo;s season seven finale, &ldquo;The Dragon and the Wolf,&rdquo; has a chance to make up for that icy misstep. It promises the most dramatic collision of characters we&rsquo;ve seen thus far, as all three Lannister siblings, as well as Jon Snow, Brienne, Jorah, Davos, and more, are set to converge for a loaded meeting in the fabled dragon pit, where the Targaryens kept their fiery beasts when they held the Iron Throne.&nbsp;</p>
<div class="youtube-embed"><iframe title="Game of Thrones: Season 7 Finale Preview (HBO)" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-5xdTlgaaaw?rel=0" allowfullscreen allow="accelerometer *; clipboard-write *; encrypted-media *; gyroscope *; picture-in-picture *; web-share *;"></iframe></div>
<p>Conspicuously missing from the trailer for the episode is Daenerys, which makes sense given Cersei&rsquo;s penchant for blowing up gatherings of important figures. Her absence also sets us up for yet another eyeroll-worthy last-minute Drogon ex machina intervention should things go predictably south.</p>

<p>Season seven has been at its best when it pits characters the audience cares about against each other, rather than a mythic, CGI-assisted foe with unclear motivations and <a href="https://www.theringer.com/game-of-thrones/2017/8/22/16181532/game-of-thrones-night-king-javelin">questionable</a> javelin form. And while the season has been notably light on <a href="https://www.vox.com/2017/8/6/16094894/game-of-thrones-season-7-episode-4-dragon-battle">casualties</a>, &ldquo;The Dragon and the Wolf&rdquo; has the potential to bring <em>Game of Thrones</em>&rsquo; penultimate season to a close in a way that makes recent weak writing seem insignificant in the face of a major revelation or high body count.</p>

<p>To fully grasp the scope of what&rsquo;s to come this Sunday, let&rsquo;s break down all of the dynamics at play in this meeting that&rsquo;s been seven years in the making. <strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Cersei vs. everyone </strong></h2><img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9108473/Helen_Sloan___HBO__Photo_2_.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="" title="" data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="" data-portal-copyright="Helen Sloan/HBO" />
<p>It seems unlikely that Cersei will end two seasons in a row with a major <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/7/4/12060310/game-of-thrones-finale-gregor-clegane-septa-unella-mountain">bang</a>, but it&rsquo;s worth noting just how many of her enemies are willingly coming to her turf.</p>

<p>She still despises Tyrion, even though Jaime told her that Olenna was responsible for Joffrey&rsquo;s death. Jon Snow is the leader of the northern insurrection and has now partnered up with her archrival Daenerys. She surely harbors some residual Stark hatred that will factor into her frosty reception of the northern contingent. Theon is also part of the landing party, and it&rsquo;s important to remember that Cersei&rsquo;s would-be husband Euron still holds his sister, Yara, captive.&nbsp;</p>

<p>There&rsquo;s also the potential of Davos bringing along<strong> </strong>Gendry, and while it seems hardly important in the grand scheme of things, the existence of a Baratheon bastard is surely news Cersei would not be thrilled about, given that Joffrey sought to have them all killed during the massacre in King&rsquo;s Landing.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Brienne and Jaime reunite</strong></h2>
<p>Jaime and Brienne first became acquainted when she trekked him across the Riverlands in seasons two and three, planning to exchange him for Arya and Sansa on the orders of Catelyn Stark. That scheme didn&rsquo;t succeed, but it did establish one of the more touching and unlikely friendships on the show.</p>

<p>The two grew close, with Brienne helping Jaime cope with the loss of his hand, and Jaime ultimately gave Brienne Oathkeeper, one of two Valyrian steel swords made from the melted blade of Ned Stark&rsquo;s Ice. He also allowed her to flee during the siege at Riverrun after the castle was captured at the end of season six.</p>

<p>Though he&rsquo;s still fiercely loyal to Cersei, Jaime has certainly seen her evil through a more neutral lens, and appears to have more misgivings than ever about his sister/queen/<a href="http://www.vulture.com/2017/08/game-of-thrones-cersei-jaime-lannister-pregnancy.html">alleged</a> mother of his unborn child. An encounter with Brienne, who has always seen the innate good in Jaime beyond his Kingslayer reputation, could push him further into the category of Cersei skeptic &mdash; which would have major implications going forward.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Cleganebowl? Cleganebowl!</strong></h2>
<p>It&rsquo;s tough to tell from the preview whether the Hound is present in the King&rsquo;s Landing party, but given that characters like Brienne, Jorah, and Davos are in attendance, it&rsquo;s fair to assume that the younger Clegane might also be part of the party.</p>

<p>This would set the stage for what certain corners of the internet have dubbed <a href="http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/tv/news/a57130/game-of-thrones-cleganebowl-mountain-hound-season-7/">&ldquo;Cleganebowl,&rdquo;</a> a climactic clash between the Hound and his older brother the Mountain, currently Westeros&rsquo;s scariest blue zombie this side of the Night King. Given this season&rsquo;s <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/20/16125490/game-of-thrones-fan-service-jonerys-benioff-weiss-versus-grrm">catering to fan service</a>, it seems we may get this long-discussed battle sooner rather than later.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Even before they were ostensibly on opposite sides of the war, the two siblings weren&rsquo;t exactly pals. Both are combative, brash, and confrontational; they fought frequently; and the Hound&rsquo;s distinct facial scarring is the result of the Mountain pushing his face into a fire when they were children. This history was heavily referenced in &ldquo;Beyond the Wall,&rdquo; when the Hound explained to Tormund that he was pushed into the flames, so it&rsquo;s fresh in viewers&rsquo; minds going into this possible reunion.</p>

<p>The Hound hasn&rsquo;t played as big of a role as the early part of this season suggested he would, but defeating his brother would be a fitting way to close out his<a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/7/20/15999014/the-hound-redemption-arc"> redemption arc</a>, and would give fans who&rsquo;ve wanted vengeance for Oberyn Martell&rsquo;s traumatic death at the hands of the Mountain some long-awaited vindication.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">The redemption of Jon Snow</h2><img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9108485/Macall_B._Polay___HBO__Photo_4_.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="" title="" data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="" data-portal-copyright="Macall B. Polay/HBO" />
<p>Jon Snow has been blathering to anyone who would listen about the army of the dead for years now, and he finally has his best shot to get the most powerful ally in Westeros on his side. While his plan to capture a wight was profoundly <a href="http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/a12015737/how-to-capture-wight-white-walker-game-of-thrones/">stupid</a> and led to the Night King acquiring a dragon &mdash; not to mention the deaths of several unnamed and unimportant wildlings and everyone&rsquo;s favorite drunk priest, Thoros of Myr &mdash; he finally has concrete proof.&nbsp;</p>

<p>It&rsquo;s worth noting that the last time someone tried to transport a wight (or at least part of one), things didn&rsquo;t exactly work out. Alliser Thorne of the Night&rsquo;s Watch was sent on a <a href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/game-thrones-creators-white-walker-war-plan-1029173">mission</a> from Castle Black with a still-twitching hand, but it rotted on the journey south.&nbsp;That likely won&rsquo;t be an issue now, since Jon&rsquo;s crew captured an entire wight. Also, since characters can now get to any location in Westeros in the span of a single smash cut, it&rsquo;s hard to imagine the show making transportation time a central issue here.</p>

<p>But while Cersei does apparently grant an audience to Jon and co., it&rsquo;s hard to believe she&rsquo;ll take the threat of their wight seriously (although there is an incredible theory on Reddit about her potentially <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/gottheories/comments/6tvaz1/got_ending_will_cersei_join_the_army_of_dead_to/">joining forces</a> with the Night King).&nbsp;If she does trust Jon and puts aside her vendettas against several members of Jon&rsquo;s coalition, then the King in the North will have assembled essentially all of Westeros, along with Daenerys&rsquo;s forces, to fight back against the encroaching winter.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Whatever’s going on with Sansa and Arya</strong></h2><img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9108493/HBO__Photo_2_.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="" title="" data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="" data-portal-copyright="HBO" />
<p>Sansa and Arya have been bristling at each other pretty much since the latter&rsquo;s return to Winterfell, and things came to a head in &ldquo;Beyond the Wall&rdquo; when Arya confronted Sansa about a letter she was forced to write back when she was held captive by the Lannisters. Later, Sansa stumbled upon her younger sister&rsquo;s bag of faces, prompting Arya to play the Game of Faces with her.</p>

<p>While <a href="http://www.refinery29.com/2017/08/169209/arya-stark-actually-protecting-sansa-theory-game-of-thrones">some</a> <a href="http://www.slashfilm.com/sansa-and-arya-plan-hidden-in-plain-sight/">see</a> Arya&rsquo;s odd behavior as part of a deeper conspiracy to take down Petyr Baelish, it&rsquo;s also possible that the drama in Winterfell will continue to center on the sisters&rsquo; relationship. Arya is stealthy and smart, but she also has a penchant for resorting to violence before fully grasping the consequences; Baelish, to his credit, is more measured. Sansa, meanwhile, has proven herself to be a savvy political mind capable of ruling Winterfell in a way that Jon seemed to struggle to do before he took control of Dragonstone.</p>

<p>Obviously a lot can happen in the finale, and Arya and Sansa could certainly team up to take down Littlefinger in a triumphant sisterly reconciliation. Alternatively, Jon convincing the Lannisters to join him in the fight against the dead, only to return to Winterfell and see his family fractured once more, would be heartbreaking.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Grey Worm and the Unsullied: still standing, somehow</strong></h2><img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9110653/Screen_Shot_2017_08_24_at_4.30.58_PM.png?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="" title="" data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="" data-portal-copyright="HBO" />
<p>When we last checked in on Grey Worm and the Unsullied, they were the victims of a brilliant military move by the Lannisters, who gave up Casterly Rock but removed all the provisions and then burned their enemies&rsquo; ships. So it would seem that Grey Worm and his battalion have been stranded in a castle with no food for at least the amount of time it took Jon and his cohort to go from Dragonstone to Eastwatch and back down to King&rsquo;s Landing.</p>

<p>Grey Worm looks like his usual stoic self in the trailer, and his army seems to still be large in number, so it&rsquo;s worth wondering what exactly they&rsquo;ve done to survive this long. Then again, it&rsquo;s possible everything that&rsquo;s happened since episode three, &ldquo;The Queen&rsquo;s Justice,&rdquo; took place in just a couple of days.</p>
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					</entry>
			<entry>
			
			<author>
				<name>Grant Rindner</name>
			</author>
			
			<title type="html"><![CDATA[How Ann Dowd crafted two of TV’s most disturbing characters without losing herself in the process]]></title>
			<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.vox.com/2017/8/23/16180164/ann-dowd-interview-podcast" />
			<id>https://www.vox.com/2017/8/23/16180164/ann-dowd-interview-podcast</id>
			<updated>2017-08-23T14:30:05-04:00</updated>
			<published>2017-08-23T14:30:05-04:00</published>
			<category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Culture" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Podcasts" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="TV" />
							<summary type="html"><![CDATA[Over the past few years, audiences have become intimately acquainted with actress Ann Dowd&#8217;s ability to portray agents of evil with a humanity that makes her characters even more compelling because you can see glimpses of who they were in a life long since past. As cult leader Patti Levin on The Leftovers and stern [&#8230;]]]></summary>
			
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<img alt="" data-caption="Dowd as the menacing Aunt Lydia on Hulu’s The Handmaid’s Tale. | Hulu" data-portal-copyright="Hulu" data-has-syndication-rights="1" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9100865/Screen_Shot_2017_08_23_at_9.57.39_AM.png?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" />
	<figcaption>
	Dowd as the menacing Aunt Lydia on Hulu’s The Handmaid’s Tale. | Hulu	</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Over the past few years, audiences have become intimately acquainted with actress Ann Dowd&rsquo;s ability to portray agents of evil with a humanity that makes her characters even more compelling because you can see glimpses of who they were in a life long since past. As cult leader Patti Levin on <em>The Leftovers</em> and stern educator Aunt Lydia in <em>The Handmaid&rsquo;s Tale</em>, the veteran stage and screen actress has brought dimensionality and deftness to these characters.</p>

<p>&ldquo;My best friend told me once, &lsquo;You know, you&rsquo;re just going to play nuns.&rsquo; I was incensed,&rdquo; Dowd<strong> </strong>tells Vox critic at large Todd VanDerWerff in the latest episode of his podcast, <a href="https://www.vox.com/i-think-youre-interesting"><em>I Think You&rsquo;re Interesting</em></a>. &ldquo;I haven&rsquo;t seen her in quite a while, and I&rsquo;d like to say, &lsquo;I&rsquo;m not playing nuns right now.&rsquo;&rdquo;</p>

<p>While her recent characters are far from saintly, Dowd is diligent in not letting their wickedness consume them, or her. In the case of Aunt Lydia, she says she considers what the character&rsquo;s life was like before the events of the show began.</p>

<p>&ldquo;I asked [<em>Handmaid&rsquo;s Tale </em>producer and writer] Bruce Miller, &lsquo;What did you think she was before?&rsquo; He said a teacher, and right away it sparked something immediately,&rdquo; Dowd says. &ldquo;You could imagine her teaching, perhaps in an all-girls school or a public school, and being made fun of and mocked as the teacher with values as Lydia saw the world in front of her fall apart.&rdquo;</p>

<p>When VanDerWerff asks her whether she feels like we all have the capacity to be a Lydia or Patti depending on the circumstances, Dowd tells a story from college that has always stuck with her as a humorous yet dangerous example of the power of groupthink.</p>

<p>&ldquo;I did something once in college, and I think of this from time to time. We were all in the cafeteria and there was a food fight. It was a big group, so somehow that personal responsibility gets shifted to the group mentality of, &lsquo;Well, we&rsquo;re all doing it,&rsquo;&rdquo; she says. &ldquo;And I threw a tomato at somebody &mdash; right at them &mdash; and I still look back and think, &lsquo;You could&rsquo;ve hurt them.&rsquo; But I just sailed away with it.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Now that she works with a lot of younger actors, such as the women who play the Handmaids, Dowd tries to share the perspective she&rsquo;s gained on how to keep the weight of a role from becoming all-consuming:</p>
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote has-text-align-none is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>It is not in my best interests as an actor to stay in that place; to me, that depletes the freshness and the energy. Other actors work differently, [but] when I see young actors do that, I get very concerned, and sometimes I speak up even if I&rsquo;m not asked. I say, &ldquo;You know, darling, you don&rsquo;t have to suffer.&rdquo; &hellip; The process of getting a role or understanding a role or finding a way to perform the role to your ability, those are all things that will have a certain amount of struggle in them. But just don&rsquo;t sign on to the notion that you need to suffer in order for this to be good. I don&rsquo;t believe in that.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Dowd says part<strong> </strong>of what&rsquo;s helped her achieve that sense of perspective and balance is being a parent; she has two sons and a daughter with her husband, actor Lawrence Arancio.</p>

<p>&ldquo;My little boy is 12, and he wants his mother at home. <em>Handmaid&rsquo;s</em> is in Toronto, <em>Good Behavior</em> &mdash; which is another series I&rsquo;m working on that I love &mdash; is in North Carolina, and I&rsquo;ve got to find a way to get right back, because I&rsquo;m responsible for him,&rdquo; she says. &ldquo;That&rsquo;s my first priority, so that&rsquo;s very difficult to balance that, but to step away from that singular focus on &lsquo;I must spend all my time with the work.&rsquo; I don&rsquo;t think [that mentality] is productive.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Dowd also says that playing these outsider characters has given her insight into sections of our society that the media often doesn&rsquo;t pay attention to.</p>

<p>&ldquo;It&rsquo;s always been my favorite place, for whatever reason. The loner, the one who never fit in, who thought in peculiar and strange ways, who survived somehow and found a way to make their life meaningful. I love those people, deeply,&rdquo; she said, recalling a William Mastrosimone play she did called <em>The Woolgatherer</em>. &ldquo;By all accounts, [my character] should have been dead but isn&rsquo;t. She found a way through, with damage.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Listen to the full <em>I Think You&rsquo;re Interesting </em>conversation with Dowd for more about what it was like to shoot <em>The Handmaid&rsquo;s Tale </em>in the shadow of Trump, Dowd&rsquo;s thoughts on her short-lived cult hit <em>Nothing Sacred</em> 20 years later, and what it&rsquo;s like to finally be offered roles after years of auditioning.</p>
<div class="megaphone.fm-embed"><a href="https://player.megaphone.fm/VMP3567794764" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">View Link</a></div>
<p><em>To hear more interviews with fascinating people from the world of arts and culture &mdash; from powerful showrunners to web series creators to documentary filmmakers &mdash; </em><a href="http://www.vox.com/i-think-youre-interesting"><em><strong>check out the I Think You&rsquo;re Interesting archives</strong></em></a><em>.</em></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
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									</content>
			
					</entry>
			<entry>
			
			<author>
				<name>Grant Rindner</name>
			</author>
			
			<title type="html"><![CDATA[Director Errol Morris: &#8220;The best way to make something look spontaneous is to make it spontaneous&#8221;]]></title>
			<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.vox.com/2017/7/12/15947912/errol-morris-interview-podcast" />
			<id>https://www.vox.com/2017/7/12/15947912/errol-morris-interview-podcast</id>
			<updated>2017-08-22T09:51:05-04:00</updated>
			<published>2017-08-22T09:51:02-04:00</published>
			<category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Culture" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Movies" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Podcasts" />
							<summary type="html"><![CDATA[When Academy Award-winning documentarian Errol Morris talks about the subject of his latest film, portrait photographer Elsa Dorfman, he describes her uncanny ability to preserve the immediacy of an unfolding moment and translate it into art. &#8220;Elsa quite poetically describes it as &#8216;nailing down the now&#8217; &#8212; I&#8217;ve never heard a better way of describing [&#8230;]]]></summary>
			
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<figure>

<img alt="" data-caption="Errol Morris at the 70th Venice International Film Festival." data-portal-copyright="" data-has-syndication-rights="1" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/8826533/179578289.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" />
	<figcaption>
	Errol Morris at the 70th Venice International Film Festival.	</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>When Academy Award-winning documentarian <a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001554/reference">Errol Morris</a> talks about the subject of his latest film, portrait photographer Elsa Dorfman, he describes her uncanny ability to preserve the immediacy of an unfolding moment and translate it into art.</p>

<p>&ldquo;Elsa quite poetically describes it as &lsquo;nailing down the now&rsquo; &mdash; I&rsquo;ve never heard a better way of describing a photograph,&rdquo; Morris tells Vox critic at large Todd VanDerWerff on the <a href="https://art19.com/shows/i-think-youre-interesting/episodes/d1eccf72-ca3f-4faa-8912-086ffbd90868">latest episode</a> of his podcast, <a href="https://www.vox.com/i-think-youre-interesting"><em>I Think You&rsquo;re Interesting</em></a>.</p>
<div class="megaphone.fm-embed"><a href="https://player.megaphone.fm/VMP3038614778" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">View Link</a></div>
<p>But hearing Morris talk about his own career &mdash; which launched with the pet cemetery-centered <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0077598/reference"><em>Gates of Heaven</em></a><em> </em>in 1978 and includes acclaimed films like 1988&rsquo;s <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0096257/"><em>The Thin Blue Line</em></a><em> </em>and 2003&rsquo;s <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0317910/reference"><em>The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara</em></a><em> &mdash; </em>it&rsquo;s abundantly clear that he has committed to &ldquo;nailing down the now&rdquo; in his films. In the case of his latest, <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt5952468/reference"><em>The B-Side: Elsa Dorfman&rsquo;s Portrait Photography</em></a><em>, </em>Morris had been kicking the idea around for some time, but when the perfect moment arose, he knew he had to seize the opportunity.</p>
<div class="youtube-embed"><iframe title="The B-Side: Elsa Dorfman&#039;s Portrait Photography Trailer #1 (2017) | Movieclips Indie" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PSOazX_RiOI?rel=0" allowfullscreen allow="accelerometer *; clipboard-write *; encrypted-media *; gyroscope *; picture-in-picture *; web-share *;"></iframe></div>
<p>&ldquo;I think [filmmaking] happens in a way that I can&rsquo;t even control. Elsa happened, it had been on my mind for years like, &lsquo;I should make this film,&rsquo;&rdquo; Morris tells VanDerWerff.</p>
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote has-text-align-none is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&ldquo;She told me the Gentle Giant &mdash; the local moving company &mdash; was coming to her house to take these huge polaroid photographs into storage where they could be digitized. And I thought, &lsquo;Well, this isn&rsquo;t going to happen every day, I&rsquo;d better go out there and film it,&rsquo; and so we started making a film. It&rsquo;s the way I should work at least part of the time, not asking permission to make a film, not looking for money to make a film, but just making a film.&rdquo;&nbsp;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Over the course of his career, as Morris has interviewed subjects ranging from criminal investigators to Stephen Hawking to government leaders (including Donald Trump, who has a <a href="http://collider.com/errol-morris-the-b-side-donald-trump-interview/">unique interpretation</a> of <em>Citizen Kane)</em>, he has worked to capture authenticity and organic reactions. This drive led him to build the <a href="http://www.errolmorris.com/content/eyecontact/interrotron.html">Interrotron</a>, a machine that allows his subjects to make eye contact with the viewer and strip away some of the artifice of filmmaking. Morris says that of all of his &ldquo;customers&rdquo; &mdash; his term for subjects &mdash; only McNamara has ever resisted the device</p>

<p>&ldquo;He objected to it, I believe, because he&rsquo;s been interviewed 10,000 times and then he comes in and something&rsquo;s different and he&rsquo;s immediately aware of that fact,&rdquo; Morris explains. &ldquo;He comes into the studio, he&rsquo;d only agreed to give me five minutes, he sees the Interrotron set up and says, &lsquo;What is <em>that?</em>&rsquo;&rdquo;<em>&nbsp;</em></p>

<p>Still, after explaining what the device was for Morris wound up conducting 20 hours of interviews with McNamara on the Interrotron. This included a stunning moment for Morris where McNamara concurred with Curtis LeMay that they would have been tried as war criminals if they had lost World War II.</p>
<div class="youtube-embed"><iframe title="Behaving as War Criminals - The Fog of War - Robert McNamara" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fDT8NdyoWfI?rel=0" allowfullscreen allow="accelerometer *; clipboard-write *; encrypted-media *; gyroscope *; picture-in-picture *; web-share *;"></iframe></div>
<p>Perhaps most critically, Morris&rsquo; lengthy career has taught him the importance of letting a conversation take shape naturally and without imposing too many preconceived ideas.</p>

<p>&ldquo;Things happen in interviews that I could never plan for,&rdquo; he says, referencing moments from <em>The B-Side </em>where Dorfman examines some of her older photographs.</p>
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote has-text-align-none is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&ldquo;I think I follow ideas as they lead me, I don&rsquo;t think I have a plan. Of course there are things I want to cover and have brought out in the interview, but I have always been surprised that somehow if I shut up and let people talk they will take me where I want to go. &hellip; Why that happens, I don&rsquo;t know, maybe it&rsquo;s part of my art, but it&rsquo;s much better when ideas emerge naturally in the course of a conversation rather than are imposed.&rdquo;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Going into an interview with an open mind and no set agenda was also essential in the making of <em>The Thin Blue Line</em>. When Morris interviewed the principal eyewitness who got his protagonist, Randall Adams, convicted and sentenced to death, he was astounded by the implausible story she told him:</p>
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote has-text-align-none is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>&ldquo;She told this wild, cockamamie story that I could never have known enough to ask her. In fact, when she started telling me this story I didn&rsquo;t know enough about it whether to believe her or disbelieve her, but I sat and listened. In the course of that interview she told me things that showed she had committed perjury at this man&rsquo;s trial, and led to his conviction in Texas being reversed.&rdquo;&nbsp;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>As he continues to work on new projects, including an upcoming Netflix series, Morris remains committed to that sensation of &ldquo;nailing down the now&rdquo; that has allowed his documentaries to stand the test of time.&nbsp;</p>

<p>&ldquo;People ask me, &lsquo;How can you make something that looks spontaneous happen on film?&rsquo; And I say, &lsquo;Well, the best way to make something look spontaneous is to <em>make</em> it spontaneous.&rsquo; In fact, I think it&rsquo;s the only way.&rdquo;</p>

<p><em>To hear more interviews with fascinating people from the world of arts and culture &mdash; from powerful showrunners to web series creators to documentary filmmakers &mdash;&nbsp;</em><a href="http://www.vox.com/i-think-youre-interesting"><strong><em>check out the&nbsp;</em>I Think You&rsquo;re Interesting<em>&nbsp;archives</em></strong></a><em>.</em></p>

<p><strong>Correction:</strong> An earlier version of this story stated that Morris&rsquo;s <em>The Thin Blue Line</em> was made in 1998. It was made in 1988.</p>
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					</entry>
			<entry>
			
			<author>
				<name>Grant Rindner</name>
			</author>
			
			<title type="html"><![CDATA[Game of Thrones’ next White Walker battle is looming. Here’s what’s changed since the first one.]]></title>
			<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/16/16145170/white-walker-battle-primer" />
			<id>https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/16/16145170/white-walker-battle-primer</id>
			<updated>2017-08-20T11:46:12-04:00</updated>
			<published>2017-08-20T11:46:08-04:00</published>
			<category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Culture" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Game of Thrones" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="TV" />
							<summary type="html"><![CDATA[Game of Thrones&#8217; penultimate episodes are historically the series&#8217; most staggering entries, and that looks likely to be the case even in the truncated season seven. In the upcoming sixth and next-to-last episode, &#8220;Beyond the Wall,&#8221; Jon Snow and his party will head north on an easier-said-than-done mission to capture a wight to bring to [&#8230;]]]></summary>
			
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<img alt="" data-caption="A shot from an early season seven trailer of what appears to be John Snow, Beric Dondarion and others facing the army of the dead. | HBO" data-portal-copyright="HBO" data-has-syndication-rights="1" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9048071/game_thrones_season_7_trailer_jon_snow.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" />
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	A shot from an early season seven trailer of what appears to be John Snow, Beric Dondarion and others facing the army of the dead. | HBO	</figcaption>
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<p><em>Game of Thrones&rsquo; </em>penultimate episodes are historically the series&rsquo; most staggering entries<em>, </em>and that looks likely to be the case even in the truncated season seven.</p>

<p>In the upcoming sixth and next-to-last episode, &ldquo;Beyond the Wall,&rdquo; Jon Snow and his party will head north on an easier-said-than-done mission to capture a wight to bring to King&rsquo;s Landing and convince Cersei that the major players in the war for the Iron Throne should put their differences aside and band together.&nbsp;The episode&rsquo;s trailer includes a few shots of Arya and Sansa at Winterfell continuing the Littlefinger-fueled drama of episode five (plus one of Tyrion and Daenerys), but most significantly, it promises the show&rsquo;s first epic clash north of the Wall since season five&rsquo;s iconic &ldquo;Hardhome.&rdquo;</p>

<p>But plenty has changed since Jon last voyaged north to unite the Westerosi and Wildlings in order to bolster their odds of survival &mdash; and learned of the Night King&rsquo;s power to raise the dead in a surprise massacre that left Jon and his fellow survivors fleeing for their lives by boat.</p>

<p>Season seven hasn&rsquo;t given us much action north of the Wall thus far, with Jon mostly stuck trying to explain an unexplainable evil to both his own men and Dany &mdash; but that is set to change with &ldquo;Beyond the Wall.&rdquo; In preparation for what will surely be an exhilarating episode, let&rsquo;s review what&rsquo;s changed since the last clash with the White Walkers.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><em> </em>New players have joined the fight</h2><img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9048863/bericfiresword.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="Game of Thrones" title="Game of Thrones" data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="The Hound thinks Beric Dondarrion is a mediocre fighter, but his flaming sword may prove crucial in fighting wights. | HBO" data-portal-copyright="HBO" />
<p>While he doesn&rsquo;t have quite the large-scale force of Night&rsquo;s Watch and Wildling fighters &mdash; and the giant Wun Wun &mdash; that he did at Hardhome, Jon Snow clearly went for a quality-over-quantity approach with this expedition. Tormund Giantsbane is along for the ride once more, but Jon now also has a skilled band of warriors in Sandor Clegane, Beric Dondarrion, Jorah Mormont, and Thoros of Myr.</p>

<p>He also has on his team the green but gung-ho Gendry, whose explanation to Davos, &ldquo;I&rsquo;ve been getting ready. I never knew what for, but I&rsquo;ve always known I&rsquo;d know it when it comes,&rdquo; will surely be tested in his first journey north of the Wall. It&rsquo;s slightly surprising that Gendry rushed into battle when he&rsquo;s a skilled blacksmith and could seemingly be crucial in forming weapons from dragonglass, but after spending the past few seasons making weapons for the Lannisters (and rowing), it&rsquo;s hard to fault him for jumping into the fray. Davos, ever cognizant of his limitations in battle, hung back at Eastwatch.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Still, if the episode&rsquo;s preview is any indication, Jon and co. are massively outmanned and will have to contend not only with the sea of wights but also the White Walkers themselves if they want to even make it back alive. Jon doesn&rsquo;t exactly have a <a href="https://media.giphy.com/media/3o85xlO10JSub49oiI/giphy.gif">winning record</a> against the army of the dead, and it&rsquo;s going to be a massive challenge for this small party to capture a wight and make it back to the Wall alive.</p>

<p>However, given how malleable time and distance <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/1/16072066/game-of-thrones-time-passes-fast-quick">have become</a> this season, there is the potential for more key characters to show up north of the Wall at just the right moment, particularly since Jon finally seems to be convincing Daenerys of the legitimacy and severity of the northern threat. A dragon-led deus ex machina might feel a little cheap, but there&rsquo;s no denying it would be exhilarating to see a recuperated Drogon roasting wights.</p>

<p>It&rsquo;s unclear how much help <a href="https://www.vox.com/2017/8/6/16098448/game-of-thrones-spoils-of-war-recap-bran-stark-dagger">Bran</a> can provide from his perch at Winterfell, since he often seems to exist only to be dunked on by the Night King, but his warging ability could potentially be of use. He sent a flock of ravens<strong> </strong>to scout north of the Wall in &ldquo;Eastwatch,&rdquo; though they were scrambled and disrupted by the Night King. The Children of the Forest have also been eradicated after the protection on their cave was broken once the Night King marked Bran during a vision, so there&rsquo;s no longer a chance of a last-minute assist there.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Further south, the united northern forces are preparing for the winter under Sansa&rsquo;s supervision and could theoretically offer support north of the Wall, though that would require someone like Davos to send a message from Eastwatch. There are also Wildling forces at the castle, and a shot in the trailer looks like a horde of them running &mdash; though it&rsquo;s unclear whether that&rsquo;s into combat or away from the Walkers.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">While still outmanned, Jon Snow and co. at least have better stock of their tools</h2><img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/3743826/icy.gif?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="Jon shatters a White Walker on Game of Thrones." title="Jon shatters a White Walker on Game of Thrones." data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="Jon’s sword, Longclaw, is one of a handful in the known world that’s capable of doing &lt;em&gt;this &lt;/em&gt;to White Walkers. | HBO" data-portal-copyright="HBO" />
<p>Jon lost one stash of dragonglass weapons in the battle at Hardhome &mdash; but he gained a piece of knowledge that&rsquo;s even more crucial when he used Longclaw, the Valyrian steel sword given to him by Jeor Mormont, to turn one of the Walkers into a pile of crushed ice.</p>

<p>Valyrian steel is incredibly rare, but there are several weapons in Westeros that could prove crucial in a battle against the dead, as <a href="http://www.vulture.com/2017/08/game-of-thrones-valyrian-steel.html">Vulture</a> notes. These include Oathkeeper, which Brienne currently has at Winterfell; Heartsbane, which Sam Tarly is presumably bringing with him from the Citadel as he heads north; and the dagger that formerly belonged to Littlefinger but is now in Bran&rsquo;s keep.</p>

<p>Widow&rsquo;s Wail, which Olenna Tyrell referenced in her final conversation/sass seminar with Jaime in &ldquo;The Queen&rsquo;s Justice,&rdquo; is another known Valyrian weapon, though it&rsquo;s currently in Jaime&rsquo;s possession and therefore unlikely to figure in until Jon can convince Cersei that the dead are truly coming.</p>

<p>The other major anti-White Walker material, dragonglass, is far more plentiful, but also not nearly as battle-ready. There&rsquo;s a major cache of it on Dragonstone, as discovered by Sam, which Jon successfully convinced Daenerys to let him mine so that it can be turned into weapons for the war, but they&rsquo;re still early in that process.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Dragonglass might not be effective against the zombie-like wights (who can still be taken out with good old-fashioned fire), but it may well be <a href="http://www.vulture.com/2013/03/game-of-thrones-how-to-kill-a-white-walker.html">essential</a> in defeating their leaders. Not only can it kill White Walkers, but it also created them. In a season six flashback, a dragonglass dagger is plunged into the heart of one of the First Men by the Children of the Forest, which turns him into a White Walker.</p>

<p>Additionally, after Benjen Stark saved Bran and Meera Reed from a horde of wights with a badass <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UsSH1E01LM">flaming ball and chain</a>, it was revealed that the Children stopped the Walkers from turning him into one of their own by stabbing him in the heart with dragonglass. This bit of info seems significant enough that it wouldn&rsquo;t be a shock if we see a main character begin to turn only to be saved in the same manner as Benjen.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">The stakes are higher than ever</h2><img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9048837/mapnorthwall.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="" title="" data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="A map of the land beyond the Wall, showing the slow (but steady) progress of the White Walkers farther south. | A Wiki of Ice and Fire" data-portal-copyright="A Wiki of Ice and Fire" />
<p>Say what you will about the White Walkers and their army of wights, but they can&rsquo;t be accused of rushing things. While other characters have been able to traverse continents and seas multiple times, the army of the dead &mdash; who need no sleep or food and ostensibly never stop marching &mdash; seem to have chosen the scenic route in their journey from Hardhome to the Wall (with a minor detour to chase Bran to the Three-Eyed Raven&rsquo;s cave).</p>

<p>It&rsquo;s unclear from the previews exactly where the confrontation between Jon&rsquo;s party and the Walkers will take<strong> </strong>place, but it&rsquo;s safe to assume that the encounter will be closer to the Wall than any encounter with the dead we&rsquo;ve seen before. The trailer includes a shot of Jon and Tormund fleeing, as well as one of a group of men charging through what appear to be the gates of Eastwatch.</p>

<p>Self-proclaimed &ldquo;liability&rdquo; Davos and a handful of Wildlings seemingly won&rsquo;t be able to do much to hold off the army of the dead at Eastwatch. They may hope that the magic built into the Wall can protect them, but remember that many believe the protection was broken when Bran was <a href="http://mashable.com/2017/07/19/bran-stark-wall-magic-doom-game-of-thrones/#79Iw6fdlcZqx">touched</a> by the Night King and then traveled through the Wall.</p>

<p>This could mean that Jon&rsquo;s comparatively low-stakes bag-and-tag mission could be what leads the White Walkers south of the Wall and finally into Westeros proper &mdash; which would set us up for the rare <em>Game of Thrones</em> season finale that exceeds the penultimate episode in terms of stakes.</p>

<p><em>This piece has been updated with the correct title of episode six.</em></p>
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			<entry>
			
			<author>
				<name>Grant Rindner</name>
			</author>
			
			<title type="html"><![CDATA[The director of The Glass Castle explains the importance of cast and crew camaraderie]]></title>
			<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.vox.com/2017/8/16/16155276/destin-daniel-cretton-interview-podcast" />
			<id>https://www.vox.com/2017/8/16/16155276/destin-daniel-cretton-interview-podcast</id>
			<updated>2017-08-16T14:30:05-04:00</updated>
			<published>2017-08-16T14:30:05-04:00</published>
			<category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Culture" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Podcasts" />
							<summary type="html"><![CDATA[Community comes in different forms for director Destin Daniel Cretton; it can be a group home for teenagers in Short Term 12, or a close yet dysfunctional family in his new film, The Glass Castle. Accordingly, Cretton recognizes the importance of both capturing that camaraderie on camera and instilling it in his crew throughout the [&#8230;]]]></summary>
			
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<img alt="" data-caption="Cretton with Brie Larson, Jeannette Walls, and Naomi Watts at The Glass Castle premiere in New York. | Photo by Michael Loccisano/Getty Images" data-portal-copyright="Photo by Michael Loccisano/Getty Images" data-has-syndication-rights="1" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9058331/827870186.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" />
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	Cretton with Brie Larson, Jeannette Walls, and Naomi Watts at The Glass Castle premiere in New York. | Photo by Michael Loccisano/Getty Images	</figcaption>
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<p>Community comes in different forms for director Destin Daniel Cretton; it can be a group home for teenagers in <em>Short Term 12,</em> or a close yet dysfunctional family in his new film, <a href="https://www.vox.com/summer-movies/2017/8/10/16107162/glass-castle-review-jeannette-walls-brie-larson"><em>The Glass Castle</em></a>. Accordingly, Cretton recognizes the importance of both capturing that camaraderie on camera and instilling it in his crew throughout the filmmaking process.</p>

<p>&ldquo;It cemented my idea that relationship and community is a huge part of the aesthetic of the stories that I want to tell, and those relationships need to be real for me,&rdquo; Cretton tells Vox critic at large Todd VanDerWerff on the latest episode of his podcast, <a href="https://www.vox.com/i-think-youre-interesting"><em>I Think You&rsquo;re Interesting</em></a>. &ldquo;I need to at least be constantly trying to cultivate them off-screen with my actors and with my crew in order for that type of energy to be on screen.&rdquo;</p>

<p>To make believable the eccentric family at the center of <em>The Glass Castle &mdash;</em> Brie Larson plays Jeanette Wells; Woody Harrelson is her father, Rex; Naomi Watts portrays her mother, Rose Mary; and Ella Anderson plays a young Jeanette &mdash; Cretton worked as much as possible to get the cast together in the same room for rehearsal, something he values but says he doesn&rsquo;t always have the opportunity to do.</p>

<p>&ldquo;Rehearsing with these actors was so fun. We went over to where Brie was staying the week before we started shooting, and Woody and Naomi were there. Ella was there. We did a variety of just playing games and messing around to get to know each other,&rdquo; Cretton explains. &ldquo;But we actually did do a couple scenes improvised through, one of which was the big fight scene that Rex and Rose Mary have, where Rose Mary ends up flying out the window for a little bit. We did an improvisation of that scene and it actually changed the scene, I went in and rewrote it.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Cretton says that in early screenings, the family had so many inside jokes that some feedback said that they were actually laughing too much and that the audience felt left out, so they scaled back.</p>

<p>&ldquo;I&rsquo;ve heard crazy stories where there are actors that are supposed to have chemistry in a movie, but they actually hate each other so much that they refuse to be on set at the same time, so they have to cover scenes on separate days with coverage,&rdquo; Cretton tells VanDerWerff. &ldquo;Thank God I haven&rsquo;t had to do that, because chemistry is very difficult to fake. Especially a family, the feeling of a family is very difficult to fake if the people actually don&rsquo;t like each other.&rdquo;</p>

<p>To that end, Cretton tries to cultivate a close, can-do attitude in his crew. For <em>The Glass Castle</em>, this started when he and his cinematographer, Brett Pawlak, traveled to Welch, West Virginia, essentially shooting on their own (Larson showed up for one day).</p>

<p>&ldquo;That started off our shoot, and it was a cool temperature to set for everybody. To see that this is the mentality of the way that we can shoot this movie,&rdquo; says Cretton. &ldquo;You have to work your ass off, but it&rsquo;s super fun to work that way, because nobody stops. There&rsquo;s not a bunch of people sitting around &mdash; like Sharon Seymour, our production designer, was there but she was doing everything, she had no hands under her.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Capturing community continues to be a major focus of Cretton&rsquo;s work, and while researching he makes sure to take the time to understand the relationships of his potential subjects. He tells VanDerWerff about a project he was working on about blind people and the process of getting ingrained in their lives for research.</p>

<p>&ldquo;I was working on a script a couple years ago, and a lot of it took place in the blind community, so I went and volunteered at the Braille Institute here in LA and got to meet a lot of people,&rdquo; said Cretton. &ldquo;I went to a summer camp, an adventure camp for blind people, and got to sit in that community and meet people. It&rsquo;s so simple, but it&rsquo;s so quickly that you learn firsthand that we are all the same.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Though he&rsquo;s now working within the studio system, Cretton stresses that he will continue to fight for the kind of co-workers and creative culture that he feels is an absolute necessity.</p>

<p>&ldquo;If I was forced to work with a bunch of assholes for a movie I would walk, even if it was the best project in the world and they were the most talented people in the world,&rdquo; Cretton says. &ldquo;If I was not able to create that type of collaboration it is completely not worth it to me. Relationship always beats art in my mind.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Listen to the full episode of this week&rsquo;s <em>I Think You&rsquo;re Interesting</em> for more about how Cretton became interested in filmmaking while growing up in a small Hawaiian town, his next project about an attorney for death row inmates in Alabama, and his relationship with the real Jeannette Walls.</p>
<div class="megaphone.fm-embed"><a href="https://player.megaphone.fm/VMP2258072634" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">View Link</a></div>
<p><em>To hear more interviews with fascinating people from the world of arts and culture &mdash; from powerful showrunners to web series creators to documentary filmmakers &mdash; </em><a href="http://www.vox.com/i-think-youre-interesting"><em><strong>check out the I Think You&rsquo;re Interesting archives</strong></em></a><em>.</em></p>
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			<entry>
			
			<author>
				<name>Grant Rindner</name>
			</author>
			
			<title type="html"><![CDATA[How Kesha’s 3-year legal battle with Dr. Luke shaped her new album Rainbow]]></title>
			<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/14/16135214/kesha-new-album-lawsuit" />
			<id>https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/14/16135214/kesha-new-album-lawsuit</id>
			<updated>2017-08-14T09:00:06-04:00</updated>
			<published>2017-08-14T09:00:01-04:00</published>
			<category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Culture" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Music" />
							<summary type="html"><![CDATA[After several long, arduous years, Kesha&#8217;s new album Rainbow is finally seeing the light of day. There&#8217;s been tremendous anticipation for the project as a whole: Not only is it Kesha&#8217;s first new release since 2012&#8217;s Warrior, but an opportunity for the artist to start rebuilding her career. Said career was largely stalled after she [&#8230;]]]></summary>
			
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<img alt="" data-caption="Kesha at the Billboard Women in Music event in December 2016. | Photo by Nicholas Hunt/Getty Images for Billboard Magazine" data-portal-copyright="Photo by Nicholas Hunt/Getty Images for Billboard Magazine" data-has-syndication-rights="1" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9039875/628780256.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" />
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	Kesha at the Billboard Women in Music event in December 2016. | Photo by Nicholas Hunt/Getty Images for Billboard Magazine	</figcaption>
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<p>After several long, arduous years, Kesha&rsquo;s new album <a href="https://open.spotify.com/album/1IYVB8NfiRqhdZlTxjspNh"><em>Rainbow</em></a><em> </em>is finally seeing the light of day. There&rsquo;s been tremendous anticipation for the project as a whole: Not only is it Kesha&rsquo;s first new release since 2012&rsquo;s <em>Warrior</em>, but an opportunity for the artist to start rebuilding her career.</p>

<p>Said career was largely stalled after she filed a civil lawsuit against her producer Lukasz &ldquo;Dr. Luke&rdquo; Gottwald for sexual and physical abuse in October 2014 (no criminal charges were ever filed).&nbsp;Since then, she&rsquo;s been involved in a contentious legal fight, having <a href="http://www.vulture.com/2015/09/kesha-says-dr-luke-is-damaging-her-career.html">requested release from a recording contract</a> she&rsquo;d previously signed with the producer (and, by extension, with the label he eventually co-founded with Sony Music, Kemosabe Records). When a court <a href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/judge-wont-let-kesha-escape-867571">denied</a> Kesha&rsquo;s request last year, she was prevented from releasing music outside of her preexisting contract, but doing so <em>within</em> it was complicated by her allegations against Dr. Luke, a countersuit filed by him, and their continued battles in court.</p>

<p>She persevered &mdash; and <em>Rainbow</em> is the result. Already, critics are praising the new album as a powerful and honest personal statement about the tortuous ordeal she has endured. Consequence of Sound <a href="https://consequenceofsound.net/2017/08/album-review-kesha-rainbow/">described it</a> as &ldquo;much more organic and of this earth than anything by dollar-sign Ke$ha.&rdquo; Entertainment Weekly <a href="http://ew.com/music/2017/08/07/kesha-rainbow-review/">complimented</a> the &ldquo;vivid writing&rdquo; and noted how cathartic it feels. In a glowing review, <a href="http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/kesha-rainbow-album-battle-cry-of-many-colors-w496733">Rolling Stone</a> calls it &ldquo;the best music of her career.&rdquo;</p>

<p>The ongoing legal technicalities surrounding <em>Rainbow</em> and Kesha&rsquo;s recording career have certainly threatened to hold her back from achieving the triumph over adversity she is so clearly striving for. And her contractual ties to Dr. Luke, Kemosabe Records, and Sony remain intact. But the album nonetheless ushers in a new era for the artist. Here&rsquo;s how it came to be.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">In 2014, Kesha sought personal and professional freedom, claiming years of abuse</h2><img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9039901/kesha_court.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="" title="" data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="Kesha leaving court in February 2016. | AP Photo/Mary Altaffer" data-portal-copyright="AP Photo/Mary Altaffer" />
<p>Kesha&rsquo;s 2014 lawsuit accused Dr. Luke of &#8220;sexual assault and battery, sexual harassment, gender violence, unfair business practices, and infliction of emotional distress.&#8221; It alleged extensive physical, mental, and sexual abuse that took place throughout her long professional relationship with Dr. Luke &mdash; which began in 2005,<strong> </strong>when the singer was 18 years old &mdash; and <a href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/read-full-details-keshas-disturbing-740699">claimed</a> that Dr. Luke forced Kesha to take drugs. It also described one instance in which she was unknowingly given date rape drugs, then woke up naked and sore in Dr. Luke&rsquo;s bed, with no recollection of what had happened. Her doctors were quoted as saying that continued contact with Dr. Luke would be &ldquo;life-threatening.&rdquo;</p>

<p>As such, the suit specifically asked the court to release Kesha from her <a href="http://www.vulture.com/2017/08/timeline-keshas-legal-fight-against-dr-luke.html">contract</a>, which stated that she was supposed to record no fewer than six new albums under Dr. Luke&#8217;s purview.</p>

<p>Dr. Luke denied the allegations and filed a <a href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/dr-luke-claims-defamation-lawsuit-740723">countersuit</a>, claiming defamation. He argued that Kesha was just trying to get out of her contract, and that making such a request violated the terms of their agreement.</p>

<p>In February 2016, the New York State Supreme Court <a href="https://www.vox.com/2014/10/16/6981767/kesha-sues-dr-luke-sexual-assault-lawsuit-charges">denied</a> Kesha&rsquo;s injunctions to be released from her contract, which ties her to Dr. Luke, Kemosabe Records, Sony Music, and another Sony subsidiary, RCA Records. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/09/arts/music/kesha-rainbow-dr-luke-lawsuits.html?rref=collection%2Fbyline%2Fjoe-coscarelli&amp;action=click&amp;contentCollection=undefined&amp;region=stream&amp;module=stream_unit&amp;version=latest&amp;contentPlacement=2&amp;pgtype=collection">According to the New York Times</a>, the denial came after Sony said it was &ldquo;ready, willing and able&rdquo; to approve a different producer for Kesha to work with.</p>

<p>The situation sent shockwaves through the music industry. Many high-profile artists <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/2/20/11079220/kesha-dr-luke-freekesha">voiced their support</a> for Kesha, including Ariana Grande, Lorde, Lady Gaga, and Taylor Swift. Kesha&rsquo;s legal team <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/07/arts/new-york-state-judge-rejects-keshas-claims-in-dr-luke-case.html">appealed the ruling, but it was upheld</a>.&nbsp;</p>

<p>This left Kesha legally able to record and release music, but only under her preexisting contract.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">How Kesha’s legal battle shaped the making of <em>Rainbow</em></h2><img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9039881/533610294.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="2016 Billboard Music Awards - Show" title="2016 Billboard Music Awards - Show" data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="Over the lengthy trial, Kesha returned to her country music roots. | Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images" data-portal-copyright="Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images" />
<p>Back in June 2014, prior to filing the lawsuit, Kesha had<strong> </strong>told <a href="http://www.mtv.co.uk/kesha/news/kesha-working-on-new-music-definitely-not-toned-down">MTV News</a> that she&rsquo;d begun working on new music that was &ldquo;trippy&rdquo; and &ldquo;a little different.&rdquo; The next year, after the lawsuit had been filed, she posted an <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/x9zvwAu1aV/">Instagram video</a> with the caption, &ldquo;I will release new music as soon as I possibly can.&rdquo;</p>

<p>In February 2016, after Kesha&rsquo;s request to be released from her recording contract had been denied, she <a href="https://www.facebook.com/kesha/posts/10153997571499459">stated in a Facebook post</a> that she would be willing to continue working with Sony, if the company could &ldquo;break all ties that bind me to my abuser.&rdquo; In response, a lawyer for Sony, Scott A. Edelman, <a href="http://www.vulture.com/2016/02/sony-says-it-cant-free-kesha.html">explained</a> that &ldquo;Sony has made it possible for Kesha to record without any connection, involvement or interaction with Luke whatsoever, but Sony is not in a position to terminate the contractual relationship between Luke and Kesha.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Later that year, in August, Kesha <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2016/8/1/12347334/kesha-abandons-sexual-abuse-lawsuit-against-dr-luke-sony-music">dropped</a> her initial lawsuit against Dr. Luke in order <a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/claudiarosenbaum/kesha-drops-sex-assault-case-against-dr-luke">to focus on releasing new music</a>, and provided 28 new songs<strong> </strong>that she&rsquo;d recorded at her own expense to Sony and Kemosabe.&nbsp;(She is <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/22/arts/music/kesha-dr-luke-lawsuit.html?_r=0">still being sued by Dr. Luke</a>, for defamation and breach of contract.)</p>

<p>Per her original contract with Dr. Luke, Kesha is on the hook to produce six albums with Kemosabe before their agreement is fulfilled (and in spite of the fact that <a href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/sony-cuts-ties-controversial-pop-music-producer-dr-luke-997270">Dr. Luke exited the label</a> earlier this year).</p>

<p><em>Rainbow</em> is now one of those albums, built from those 28 songs.</p>

<p>It&rsquo;s generally unclear how involved Dr. Luke or Kemosabe were in the creative process. Representatives for Dr. Luke have <a href="http://www.thefader.com/2017/08/01/kesha-kemosabe-dr-luke-rainbow">maintained</a> that the label played a key role, issuing a <a href="http://ew.com/article/2016/10/26/kesha-new-songs-rainbow-hunt-you-down-learn-let-it-go-rose/">statement</a> in October 2016 that read, in part:</p>
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote has-text-align-none is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>[F]or the last several months, the label has been in discussions with Kesha and her team to choose the best music, create additional music, and work on the tracks created. A&amp;R representatives of both Kemosabe and RCA have provided Kesha with detailed feedback in writing and in person on the tracks she provided to help her further develop the material.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Additionally, a lawyer for Dr. Luke told the New York Times, &ldquo;It was a collaborative process, just like the making of a typical album. Everything proceeded with the full support of Luke.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Once a major architect of pop hits like Pitbull&rsquo;s <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHUbLv4ThOo">&ldquo;Timber&rdquo;</a> (which featured Kesha) and Miley Cyrus&rsquo;s <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=My2FRPA3Gf8">&ldquo;Wrecking Ball,&rdquo;</a> Dr. Luke has seen his production credits dwindle in the wake of Kesha&rsquo;s allegations.</p>

<p>Dr. Luke is not credited as the producer of any of <em>Rainbow</em>&rsquo;s songs, though the New York Times <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/09/arts/music/kesha-rainbow-dr-luke-lawsuits.html">reports</a> that he will &ldquo;pursue the equivalent producer royalties in court.&rdquo; And as Vulture <a href="http://www.vulture.com/2017/08/will-dr-luke-profit-from-keshas-new-album.html">points out</a>, the album&rsquo;s <a href="https://twitter.com/omgkesharose/status/895034508126367745/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bustle.com%2Fp%2Fwill-dr-luke-profit-from-keshas-rainbow-album-the-two-are-still-legally-tied-75966">liner notes</a> reveal that &ldquo;all words written by Kesha belong to a Dr. Luke property,&rdquo; the publishing company Where Da Kasz At.</p>

<p>Kesha recently <a href="http://blog.siriusxm.com/2017/07/07/kesha-talks-new-song-praying-and-trying-to-hug-jerry-seinfeld/">told SiriusXM</a> that she has taken solace in working on music through such a tumultuous period in her life.&nbsp;&ldquo;I would roll out of bed and I would get in the car and I would drive to the studio and keep making songs, and that was my way to cope with how I was feeling depressed,&rdquo; she said.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><em>Rainbow </em>is a departure from Kesha’s past work, informed by everything she’s been through over the past three years</h2><div class="spotify-embed"><iframe src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/album/7idS0ODZrcoGRbUqYHY5Ns" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe></div>
<p>Sonically, <em>Rainbow</em> is a pretty significant departure from Kesha&rsquo;s previous records and party anthems, drawing on the country, rock, and blues influences that the singer has previously<strong> </strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75H3OlXF2cI">shown a proclivity for</a>. While discussing the album <a href="http://www.npr.org/sections/allsongs/2017/08/11/542686805/kesha-walks-us-through-her-rainbow-track-by-track">with NPR</a>, she said she wanted to get back to her country roots; Kesha is originally from Nashville, and her mother, Pebe Sebert, is an established songwriter who worked with Kathy Mattea and Regina Regina. On <em>Rainbow</em>,<em> </em>she collaborates with Dolly Parton on a version of &ldquo;Old Flames (Can&rsquo;t Hold a Candle to You),&rdquo; a country standard that Kesha&rsquo;s mother co-wrote and that Parton covered herself back in 1980.</p>

<p>Lyrically, several songs on <em>Rainbow </em>are more deeply personal and emotional<strong> </strong>than the music Kesha made with Dr. Luke, focusing on the strain the singer has been under throughout her legal battle, as well as the process of getting her career and life back on track.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/7/6/15928390/kesha-praying-watch-new-album-rainbow">&ldquo;Praying,&rdquo;</a> which was released as a single in July, currently sits at No. 32 on the <a href="http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100">Billboard Hot 100</a>, having peaked at No. 25. The contemplative, piano-powered ballad doesn&rsquo;t sound anything past Kesha hits like &ldquo;Tik Tok&rdquo; and &ldquo;We R Who We R&rdquo;; it&rsquo;s slower and showcases Kesha&rsquo;s powerful vocals as opposed to the rap-sung hybrid she often used earlier in her career. &ldquo;&rsquo;Cause you brought the flames and you put me through hell / I had to learn how to fight for myself,&rdquo; she sings.</p>

<p>In <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xx1RSj4biO4">&ldquo;Learn to Let Go&rdquo;</a> &mdash; an uplifting pop rock anthem with pounding percussion &mdash; Kesha seems to ruminate on the strength and wisdom she feels she&rsquo;s gained. &ldquo;I know I&rsquo;m always like / Telling everybody you don&rsquo;t gotta be a victim / Life ain&rsquo;t always fair, but hell is living in resentment / Choose redemption / Your happy ending&rsquo;s up to you,&rdquo; she sings.</p>

<p>The album&rsquo;s opener, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSm80g3ba1c">&ldquo;Bastards,&rdquo;</a> is an acoustic middle finger to doubters, skeptics, and, undoubtedly, Dr. Luke. &ldquo;Don&rsquo;t let the bastards get you down / Don&rsquo;t let the assholes wear you out,&rdquo; she sings on the hook. &ldquo;I&rsquo;ll just keep on living, keep on living, the way I want to live.&rdquo;</p>

<p>But while the shadow of Dr. Luke certainly hangs over <em>Rainbow</em>, tracks like <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXyA4MXKIKo">&ldquo;Woman&rdquo;</a> (which features the Dap-Kings) and <a href="https://open.spotify.com/track/2ZKvBNoOjYzbB00EwutMgQ">&ldquo;Boogie Feet&rdquo;</a> (which features Eagles of Death Metal) display a powerful combination of the vintage Ke$ha spunk and the down home version of herself that has emerged of late.</p>

<p>Kesha&rsquo;s legal saga is far from over, as she will still have to fulfill her original contract with Dr. Luke before she&rsquo;s entirely free, but <em>Rainbow </em>is a powerful testament to her resolve and spirit that also doubles as the strongest and most heartfelt work of her career.</p>
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			<author>
				<name>Grant Rindner</name>
			</author>
			
			<title type="html"><![CDATA[Who is actually listening to the Chainsmokers and 21 Pilots? These maps have the answer.]]></title>
			<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/10/16119450/music-fandom-maps-nytimes" />
			<id>https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/10/16119450/music-fandom-maps-nytimes</id>
			<updated>2017-08-10T09:33:21-04:00</updated>
			<published>2017-08-10T09:10:02-04:00</published>
			<category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Culture" /><category scheme="https://www.vox.com" term="Music" />
							<summary type="html"><![CDATA[Thanks to new charts compiled by the New York Times, you no longer have to wonder where all those people who made Twenty One Pilots and Imagine Dragons essential parts of the modern pop landscape are living.&#160; The Times&#8217;s data visualization and analysis section, the Upshot, examined the geodata of YouTube videos from the 50 [&#8230;]]]></summary>
			
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<img alt="" data-caption="Rihanna rode strong performances in the south and on the East Coast to the no. 2 slot on the New York Times’ YouTube list. | Photo by Michael Loccisano/Getty Images" data-portal-copyright="Photo by Michael Loccisano/Getty Images" data-has-syndication-rights="1" src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9023659/597575052.jpg?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" />
	<figcaption>
	Rihanna rode strong performances in the south and on the East Coast to the no. 2 slot on the New York Times’ YouTube list. | Photo by Michael Loccisano/Getty Images	</figcaption>
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<p>Thanks to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/07/upshot/music-fandom-maps.html?_r=0">new charts</a> compiled by the New York Times, you no longer have to wonder where all those people who made Twenty One Pilots and Imagine Dragons essential parts of the modern pop landscape are living.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The Times&rsquo;s data visualization and analysis section, the Upshot, examined the geodata of YouTube videos from the 50 most-watched artists among <a href="http://www.billboard.com/charts/artist-100/2017-04-29">Billboard&rsquo;s Artist 100 chart</a>, looking at views that took place between January 2016 and April 2017. Using that data, the Upshot created heat maps illustrating the relative popularity of those artists throughout the United States, revealing some interesting geographical pop music trends.</p>

<p>While some observations, like the Chainsmokers being most popular in Northeastern college towns, seem obvious to the point of being eye-roll-worthy, other bits of info &mdash; like Katy Perry&rsquo;s success in Utah, or Florida Georgia Line not being especially popular in Florida and Georgia &mdash; provide intriguing insight into the listening and viewing habits of people across the country. &nbsp;</p>

<p>Atlanta rapper Future held the No. 1 spot with the most YouTube views of anyone on the list, likely due to his massive fan base across the South and his prolific recording habits. Rounding out the top five were Rihanna, Twenty One Pilots, Justin Bieber, and Louisiana rapper Kevin Gates. One of the biggest forces in pop music right now, Beyonc&eacute;, falls slightly lower, at No. 8, which is likely attributable in part to her album <em>Lemonade</em> and most of its attendant videos being exclusive to the Tidal platform for some time following its release.</p>

<p>Among the more surprising inclusions, the K-pop boy band BTS made the list thanks to strong support in California and Hawaii, while rapper Lil Uzi Vert rode a huge following across the entire East Coast to the No. 28 slot. &nbsp;</p>
<img src="https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/9021521/Screen_Shot_2017_08_09_at_11.49.58_AM.png?quality=90&#038;strip=all&#038;crop=0,0,100,100" alt="" title="" data-has-syndication-rights="1" data-caption="Taylor Swift’s map shows her massive popularity in the Midwest and along the West Coast. | The Upshot/New York Times" data-portal-copyright="The Upshot/New York Times" />
<p>Older bands like Linkin Park and Metallica also made the charts at Nos. 49 and 50, respectively. Notably, this data does <em>not </em>include the <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/markbeech/2017/07/24/linkin-park-music-floods-chart-sales-surge-5300-after-chester-benningtons-death/">surge in Linkin Park listenership</a> following frontman Chester Bennington&rsquo;s <a href="https://www.vox.com/2017/7/20/16005224/linkin-park-frontman-chester-bennington-dies-at-41">suicide</a> in July, indicating the group&rsquo;s sustained popularity throughout the 2010s.</p>

<p>The charts also provide a snapshot of which artists are best poised to benefit from the music industry&rsquo;s increasing reliance on streaming platforms like YouTube &mdash; though to what extent is still an open question. Earlier this year, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) <a href="http://variety.com/2017/music/news/youtube-google-study-music-business-riaa-1202437819/">criticized</a> as misleading a study funded by Google that claimed YouTube was having a major positive impact on the industry, and many executives have <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/apr/15/music-industry-youtube-video-streaming-royalties">voiced displeasure</a> with the royalties YouTube pays for artists&rsquo; videos. For its part, YouTube has expressed a desire to create a healthier relationship between the video platform and the music industry, Lyor Cohen, the company&rsquo;s head of music, <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/28/16059164/youtube-music-industry-streaming-lyor-cohen-new-music-seminar">said at the New Music Seminar in July</a>.</p>

<p>What <em>is</em> known is that with streaming accounting for more than 51 percent of <a href="http://www.riaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/RIAA-2016-Year-End-News-Notes.pdf">total revenue in 2016</a>, labels and musicians will continue to depend on YouTube and other online platforms as vital sources of income.</p>

<p><em>Browse all 50 &ldquo;fan maps&rdquo; of YouTube music viewing habits </em><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/07/upshot/music-fandom-maps.html?_r=0"><em>at the Upshot</em></a><em>.</em></p>
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