Skip to main content

The context you need, when you need it

When news breaks, you need to understand what actually matters — and what to do about it. At Vox, our mission to help you make sense of the world has never been more vital. But we can’t do it on our own.

We rely on readers like you to fund our journalism. Will you support our work and become a Vox Member today?

Join now

Rudy Giuliani remembers 9/11 by tweeting a violent, creepy clothing ad

The aesthetics are textbook fascism.

Rudy Giuliani.
Rudy Giuliani.
Rudy.
Alex Wong/Getty Images
Zack Beauchamp
Zack Beauchamp is a senior correspondent at Vox, where he covers ideology and challenges to democracy, both at home and abroad. His book on democracy, The Reactionary Spirit, was published 0n July 16. You can purchase it here.

Rudy Giuliani, President Trump’s lawyer and New York City mayor on 9/11, has hit on a curious way to commemorate the attack’s 18th anniversary: tweeting out a video that seems to fantasize about a patriotic cop beating up left-wing protesters.

It depicts a police officer in riot gear standing in front of a crowd of long-haired, sneering young people with lighters and signs about fascism (seemingly antifa stand-ins). As a haunting version of “America the Beautiful” plays, it tells us a little about the cop’s backstory — soldier, former football player, child glued to the TV during the 9/11 attacks. It ends with the cop taking out his baton, ready to fight back against the onrushing horde of flag-burning antifa members.

The video began life as, of all things, a clothing ad. Grunt Style, a clothing company founded by an ex-Army drill sergeant, originally produced the video as a potential Super Bowl ad (one it couldn’t afford to air).

Giuliani’s version, which may have originated elsewhere, strips out the company’s logo and repurposes the video as unadulterated agitprop.

In this context, the video is — and I don’t use this word lightly — fascist. It contains key hallmarks of actual fascist art identified by influential cultural critics, most notably the glorification of redemptive violence against the state’s enemies, and repurposes them in an American context. It’s the kind of political messaging that should worry all of us.

Giuliani, 9/11, and fascist imagery

In 1936, German Jewish cultural critic Walter Benjamin wrote a famous essay titled “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.” Benjamin argued that the “logical outcome of fascism is an aestheticizing of political life,” that fascism invariably depends on rendering war and violence beautiful in order for the masses to identify with and support fascist aims.

Fascist art isn’t merely about celebrating violence in general, however; it’s about glorifying violence in the name of a particular set of values. In 1975, American cultural critic Susan Sontag identified some core values of fascist art in a New York Review of Books essay, including “the contrast between the clean and the impure, the incorruptible and the defiled, the physical and the mental, the joyful and the critical.”

The nation and its symbols represent purity, giving oneself over to its cause represents the best an individual can do. The nation’s enemies are the defilers who must be physically punished. A preoccupation of fascist art is the need for strong men to use force to protect the sacred nation from unclean forces that threaten to undermine it.

Benjamin and Sontag are not arguing that fascist art is aesthetically bad or uncompelling. On the contrary, both argue that it can be quite effective in part because it taps into the base human need for identity and community.

The Grunt Style ad is well made as a technical matter, in the way that Leni Riefenstahl’s films were. But its message embodies Benjamin’s definition: The protestors are depicted as monstrous America-haters who literally burn the flag. Good and true Americans — as symbolized by a soldier who witnessed 9/11 as a boy and played football, that most rah-rah sport — need to take out their batons and fight back.

Giuliani tweeting the video with the caption “God Bless America” is a way of reclaiming 9/11, which is supposed to be a solemn day of national unity, for one side of the culture war, attacking enemies not foreign but domestic. The implication is if you truly remember 9/11, you need to start fighting the right enemies — not the jihadists, but the leftists.

See More:

More in Politics

The Logoff
Trump’s cruel plan for Afghan refugees, briefly explainedTrump’s cruel plan for Afghan refugees, briefly explained
The Logoff

Afghan refugees currently in Qatar could be sent to Congo by the Trump administration.

By Cameron Peters
Politics
The wide-ranging fallout from the Supreme Court’s new terrorism decision, explainedThe wide-ranging fallout from the Supreme Court’s new terrorism decision, explained
Politics

The Court’s Republican majority fractured in a case that could impact everyone from immigrants to consumers.

By Ian Millhiser
Politics
The Supreme Court will decide if migrants can be sent back to war zonesThe Supreme Court will decide if migrants can be sent back to war zones
Politics

When can the Trump administration strip legal protections from migrants who risk death in their home countries?

By Ian Millhiser
Politics
The redistricting wars are almost over. Here’s the score.The redistricting wars are almost over. Here’s the score.
Politics

Trump’s gerrymandering efforts are backfiring.

By Christian Paz
The Logoff
Why the Pentagon is dropping a flu vaccine mandateWhy the Pentagon is dropping a flu vaccine mandate
The Logoff

US soldiers are now free to get the flu.

By Cameron Peters
Politics
The war in Iran isn’t ending — it’s becoming something newThe war in Iran isn’t ending — it’s becoming something new
Politics

Why this conflict is so hard to end.

By Joshua Keating