On January 5, control of the US Senate will be decided in two Georgia runoff elections. If Democrats win both races, both parties will have 50 senators each, with Vice President-elect Kamala Harris serving as the tie-breaker in any party-line votes.
If just one of the two Republican incumbents can hold onto their seats, however, the GOP will keep control of the Senate.
In the first race, Republican Sen. David Perdue is facing off against Jon Ossoff, perhaps best known for his failed attempt to flip Georgia’s Sixth Congressional District in 2017 (Representative Lucy McBath succeeded the following year and still holds the seat now). In the second race, Rev. Raphael Warnock is challenging Republican Sen. Kelly Loeffler. Warnock is the senior pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, renowned as the place where Martin Luther King Jr. preached in the 1960s.
It’s difficult to predict how runoffs and special elections will go. But though Republicans are favored, the races could be tight, as Vox’s Ella Nilsen reported:
If conventional wisdom is to be believed, Perdue and Loeffler are the likely favorites to win. Georgia leans Republican, and its voters haven’t sent a Democrat to the Senate in 20 years.
Even though Biden narrowly won Georgia in the presidential election, this isn’t necessarily a good indication of Democratic strength in the Senate races. The data we have shows that Perdue ran slightly ahead of Trump by about 780 votes. Ossoff, on the other hand, ran close to 100,000 votes short of Biden.
The stakes of this election are high. If one or both seats remain Republican, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell holds on to power and will be able to exercise veto power on the new administration’s priorities. A Republican majority could even block nominees to President-elect Joe Biden’s Cabinet and other Senate-confirmable positions. If Democrats are unsuccessful, Biden will be the first president since George H.W. Bush to begin his term without control of all three branches of government.
But Perdue and Loeffler have struggled to clearly articulate the stakes of losing the Senate to Georgians as President Donald Trump has continued to falsely insist that he won the presidential race. It’s hard to tell your supporters that you’re the only thing standing between them and radical socialism if you can’t admit that Trump lost.
However, the day after Thanksgiving, Trump announced on Twitter that although the election was a “total scam,” he would be heading to Georgia to campaign for “David and Kelly.” It’s tough to predict how the state’s voters will respond to these competing messages and which groups will end up turning out to vote.
Follow along below for Vox’s election coverage, including breaking news updates, analysis, explainers, and more.
Warnock and Ossoff join the Senate, officially giving Democrats the majority


President Joe Biden rallies with Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock the day before they won their runoff election in Atlanta, Georgia. Chip Somodevilla/Getty ImagesSens. Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock were sworn in to office Wednesday, giving the Democrats a narrow majority in the Senate and affirming the historical significance of their victories in Georgia.
Vice President Kamala Harris presided over the swearing-in as her first act as the president of the Senate — a role she will have to play often as the decisive tie-breaking vote in a Senate split 50-50 between Democrats and Republicans.
Read Article >Georgia went blue. Can Democrats make it happen elsewhere?


Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock greet each other onstage during a campaign event on December 28. Paras Griffin/Getty ImagesEverything went right for Democrats in Georgia on January 5.
Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock became the first Democrats Georgia voters elected to the Senate since 2000, two months after President-elect Joe Biden became the first Democratic presidential candidate to win the state since 1992. Neither race was super close. Both Democrats won with margins outside of Georgia’s threshold for a recount; Republicans David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler have both since conceded. How did the Democrats do it?
Read Article >How the WNBA helped flip Georgia blue


The Atlanta Dream show support for Rev. Warnock in Georgia’s Senate runoff race last August. Courtesy of Elizabeth WilliamsOn our first nationally televised game of the 2020 WNBA season, my team — the Atlanta Dream — decided to seize the moment. We walked into the arena wearing tees that said Vote Warnock, a sea of black shirts of solidarity. At the time, Rev. Raphael Warnock was a long shot in Georgia’s Senate election, a Democrat polling at fourth in a traditionally red state. What made our endorsement extra bold is that his opponent, Kelly Loeffler, the sitting senator, was a co-owner of our team.
Flash forward to five months later, and I’m lying in my bed in Ankara, Turkey, where I’m playing in the Turkish league for the winter, scrolling anxiously through Twitter. I had barely slept the night before, waking up every couple of hours to check the news of Georgia’s Senate race. That’s when I spotted the tweet.
Read Article >3 health care policy predictions now that Democrats have won control of the Senate


President- elect Joe Biden campaigns for the Georgia Senate runoff in Atlanta, Georgia on January 4. Demetrius Freeman/The Washington Post via Getty ImagesDemocrats have won control of the Senate, and suddenly the possibilities for health care policy look a little wider than they did before the Georgia runoff elections.
Their Senate majority will be slim as can be, and their margin for error in the House is also quite small. So it’s not going to be easy to get anything done. But it seems likely that the Biden White House and a Democratic Congress will try to pass legislation to expand health coverage.
Read Article >“Buckle up”: Democrats signal they’re ready to go on stimulus


House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) chat after a press conference on December 20 in Washington, DC. Tasos Katopodis/Getty ImagesThanks to Georgia, don’t give up hope on a $2,000 stimulus check just yet.
Democrats Rev. Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff defeated Sens. Kelly Loeffler and David Perdue in Georgia’s US Senate runoff elections on Tuesday, giving Democrats a slim margin in the Senate. Democratic control of the White House, House of Representatives, and Senate has big policy implications in terms of what can be accomplished — including more stimulus to boost the economy as the Covid-19 pandemic continues.
Read Article >America’s anti-democratic Senate, in one number


The Senate is malapportioned to give small states like Wyoming exactly as many senators as large states like California. Caroline Brehman/CQ Roll Call via Getty ImagesWell, it’s official. Georgia Democratic Senators-elect Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff are going to Washington. The Senate will be evenly divided between Democrats and Republicans. That means that, with Democratic Vice President-elect Kamala Harris holding the tie-breaking vote, Democrats will have the narrowest possible majority in the Senate.
If the Senate were anything approaching a democratic institution, however, the Democratic Party would have a commanding majority in Congress’s upper house. The Senate is malapportioned to give small states like Wyoming exactly as many senators as large states like California — even though California has about 68 times as many residents as Wyoming.
Read Article >The Georgia Senate recount rules, briefly explained


Voters watch election results during a runoff election night party in Atlanta, Georgia, on January 5. Brandon Bell/Getty ImagesGeorgia could soon see another election recount if the final margins in the state’s Senate runoffs are narrow enough.
Both races — between Sen. Kelly Loeffler and challenger Rev. Raphael Warnock, and between Sen. David Perdue and challenger Jon Ossoff — had tight margins, although at least one of the elections appears to be decisive enough to avoid a recount.
Read Article >Democrat Raphael Warnock has won Georgia’s Senate special election runoff — and made history


Rev. Raphael Warnock has won a Georgia seat in the US Senate. Michael M. Santiago/Getty ImagesDemocrat Rev. Raphael Warnock has won a US Senate seat in Georgia, beating Republican Sen. Kelly Loeffler in one of the state’s pivotal January 5 runoff elections.
The race was called by Vox’s elections partner Decision Desk at 11:13 pm ET.
Read Article >“Phenomenal” Black turnout won the Senate for Democrats in Georgia


Democrat Raphael Warnock, left, and voting rights activist Stacey Abrams, right, helped drive strong Black turnout in the Georgia Senate elections. Melina Mara/The Washington Post via Getty ImagesMore than any other factor, the high turnout from Black voters in Georgia’s Senate runoff elections appears to have won Democrats Rev. Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff their seats and their party control of the US Senate.
Warnock’s victory over Sen. Kelly Loeffler and Ossoff’s win over Sen. David Perdue have been called by Decision Desk. Perdue has announced plans to challenge the results of his race; the contest was within the legal recount threshold as of Wednesday morning.
Read Article >Live results for the pivotal Georgia Senate runoffs

Zac Freeland/VoxThe balance of political power in Washington, DC, was finally decided in the January 5 Senate runoff elections in Georgia.
Two sets of candidates squared off in twin Senate races with Republican incumbents. Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff defeated Sen. Kelly Loeffler and Sen. David Perdue on Tuesday night, according to projections from Decision Desk.
Read Article >David Perdue may follow the Trump playbook on Senate election loss


Sen. David Perdue (R-GA) and his wife, Bonnie, address the crowd during a campaign rally at Peachtree Dekalb Airport on December 14, 2020, in Atlanta, Georgia. Jessica McGowan/Getty ImagesRepublican Sen. David Perdue is sounding an awful lot like President Donald Trump in his reaction to losing his race against Democrat Jon Ossoff, signaling a willingness for a long fight over the election’s results — and that he may potentially try to cast some doubt on the outcome.
In a statement issued early Wednesday morning, Perdue suggested he’s in this for the long haul: This is an “exceptionally close election that will require time and transparency to be certain the results are fair and accurate and the voices of Georgians are heard,” his campaign said. “We will mobilize every available resource and exhaust every legal recourse to ensure all legally cast ballots are counted. We believe in the end, Senator Perdue will be victorious.”
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Andrew Prokop, Ian Millhiser and 4 more
5 winners and 2 losers from the Georgia Senate elections


Democrats Rev. Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff have delivered control of the Senate to President-Elect Joe Biden. Carolyn Kaster/APIt’s finally over: Five full days after the actual year 2020 ended, the 2020 elections have ended too.
And they ended with a bang early Wednesday morning. With slim but decisive victories, Democrats Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff in one fell swoop turned both of Georgia’s US Senate seats Democratic, according to projections by Vox’s election partner Decision Desk. In doing so, the candidates ensured that the party will have a razor-thin 50-50 Senate majority once Vice President Kamala Harris takes office on January 20.
Read Article >Democrats win the Senate — by the slimmest margin possible


Jon Ossoff, left, and Rev. Raphael Warnock have both won their respective Senate races. Jim Watson/AFP via Getty ImagesWinning a pair of January 5 Senate runoffs in Georgia, Democrats have regained control of the US Senate, but just barely.
By capturing Georgia’s Senate seats — an impressive feat few political observers thought likely after the November election — Democrats have given themselves the barest of Senate majorities. They are technically split 50-50 with Republicans, with Vice President-elect Kamala Harris serving as the tie-breaker for simple majority votes. Importantly, though, it will be Democrat Chuck Schumer, not Republican Mitch McConnell, who will hold the title of majority leader.
Read Article >Jon Ossoff beats Sen. David Perdue, handing Democrats control of the Senate


Jon Ossoff greets a supporter during a campaign stop outside Athens-Clarke County City Hall on January 2. Alex Wong/Getty ImagesDemocrat Jon Ossoff has won a Georgia Senate seat, beating Republican David Perdue in one of the state’s pivotal runoffs on Tuesday.
The race was called by Vox’s elections partner Decision Desk at 2:14 am ET on Wednesday.
Read Article >Georgia’s runoff elections are putting Steve Kornacki back on the map


Steve Kornacki, a.k.a. MSNBC’s “map guy,” became an internet obsession for his wall-to-wall electoral map coverage. Nathan Congleton/NBC/NBCU Photo Bank via Getty ImagesThere are very few instances in which I, a young person, will choose to watch network television. The exception, as of late, is to follow election coverage: During the presidential contest, my eyes stayed glued to MSNBC’s flashing graphics as journalist Steve Kornacki zoomed in and out on an oversize map, doing hypothetical math to calculate the candidates’ odds of reaching 270 electoral votes. The good news for Kornacki fans is that he’s back — this time to explain the results of the Georgia runoff elections.
Kornacki is not the only map dude on air (he’s a national political correspondent during non-election times), but according to the internet and my colleagues at The Goods, he is the most attractive to watch. And on the night of November 3 — in which I needed as much comfort as possible — I switched streams from NBC (sorry not sorry, Chuck Todd) to MSNBC without a second thought. Now, during the races that will determine whether Republicans or Democrats hold the majority in the US Senate, Kornacki will once again deliver assurance to those who seek it.
Read Article >Why Georgia has runoff elections


Supporters of Rev. Raphael Warnock hold runoff signs during an election night event on November 3. Jessica McGowan/Getty ImagesAmerica still doesn’t know which party will control the next US Senate — all due to Georgia’s peculiar election system rooted in the Jim Crow era.
How that system works: In Georgia, no candidate can advance through a primary or a general election system without first earning more than 50 percent of the votes. If no one does, the top two vote getters advance to a runoff election, ensuring that one will earn the majority of votes cast.
Read Article >The enormous stakes for Georgia’s two Senate runoff elections, explained


President-elect Joe Biden acknowledges the crowd at a rally for Georgia’s Democratic candidates for the US Senate, Rev. Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff, on December 15, 2020, in Atlanta. Joshua Lott/The Washington Post/Getty ImagesThe fate of President-elect Joe Biden’s legislative agenda hinges on the outcome of two US Senate races in Georgia on Tuesday, January 5.
The Georgia races will determine whether Democrats can take control of the Senate — and, therefore, political power in Washington. With Biden headed to the White House and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi still in control of the US House, Democrats will control the executive branch and at least half of the legislative branch once Biden takes office later this month.
Read Article >Why Democrats need Latino voters in Georgia’s Senate runoffs


People attend a rally in Georgia with former Democratic presidential candidate Julián Castro and Jon Ossoff, Democratic candidate for US Senate, on December 7. Spencer Platt/Getty ImagesThe Georgia Senate runoff elections on Tuesday will determine which party controls the Senate — and the future of President-elect Joe Biden’s agenda. Latino voters could represent an important, if overlooked, coalition in those races that could push the Democratic candidates over the edge.
Nearly 10 percent of the state’s population is Latino, and that share is growing quickly, mostly on account of US-born Latinos who are the children of immigrants. Some 377,000 Latinos are eligible to vote, making up 5 percent of the potential electorate, and 270,000 are registered. About 80,000 have requested absentee ballots for the Senate runoffs, and almost 70,000 already voted early. Given that the races will likely be decided by a razor-thin margin, their votes could make the difference.
Read Article >Georgia is experiencing its “worst surge” of Covid-19 ahead of the Senate runoffs


Mark Sexton, deputy director of the Georgia Emergency Management and Homeland Security Agency, tours an alternative hospital bed facility in Atlanta on December 29. Curtis Compton/Atlanta Journal-Constitution/APPresident Donald Trump rallied to support two Republican Senate candidates in Dalton, Georgia, on Monday night. He appeared maskless in front of a large crowd, in a county buckling under a coronavirus surge, in a state struggling more than most with its outbreak.
In many ways, Georgia is a microcosm of a pandemic raging out of control.
Read Article >Why anyone could win Georgia’s runoff elections, according to the polls


Supporters listen to Rev. Raphael Warnock campaign in Savannah, Georgia, on January 3. Michael M. Santiago/Getty ImagesIf Democrats Jon Ossoff and Rev. Raphael Warnock win their races in Georgia’s Senate runoffs, Democrats will control both Congress and the White House. According to the polls, the two candidates have an about even chance of defeating Republican incumbent Sens. David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler.
The extended races began following Election Day on November 3, when it became clear no candidate had cleared the 50 percent threshold Georgia requires to avoid runoffs. And during this period — aside from a few outliers taken in December that showed decisive leads for either the Democrats or the Republicans — pollsters have found the elections to be quite close.
Read Article >Asian American voters could decide the Georgia Senate runoffs


Supporters of Georgia Democratic Senate candidate Jon Ossoff hold signs while he speaks on December 22, 2020, at the Metropolitan Library in Atlanta, just prior to casting his early vote in January’s runoff election. Megan Varner/Getty ImagesJames Woo, a 35-year-old marketing manager based in Peachtree Corners, has seen Georgia’s Asian American community change a lot since he moved there in middle school.
“Growing up here, there was like one big Asian supermarket,” Woo told Vox. Now, “People talk about Atlanta having the third-biggest Koreatown in the US.”
Read Article >Facebook is lifting its political ad ban — in Georgia only


All four Georgia Senate candidates are upset they can’t run political ads on Facebook. (Above, a Georgia voter in November.) Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call via Getty ImagesLess than a week after Joe Biden secured a victory in the 2020 presidential election, it looked like Facebook’s post-election plan was backfiring.
In November, the company announced it would extend its ban on political ads for at least another month, and possibly longer, in an attempt to quell confusion over an election that President Donald Trump lost but still hasn’t conceded. Google similarly told advertisers it was unlikely to lift its political ad ban in November or December, according to the Wall Street Journal. Then, last week, Google lifted its ban on political advertisements.
Read Article >Everything that needs to go right for Democrats to win the Georgia runoffs, explained


The two Georgia runoffs will determine which party controls the US Senate. Jessica McGowan/Getty ImagesTo win two hotly contested Senate runoff races, Democrats in Georgia need a lot of things to go right.
Georgia voters haven’t sent a Democrat to the Senate in 20 years, and Democrats handily lost the Senate runoff in 2008. But ask Democratic candidates Jon Ossoff and Rev. Raphael Warnock, and they insist things are different now. For one thing, the two Georgia races will determine which party controls the Senate — and by extension — political power in Washington, DC. For another, their party’s presidential candidate just won the state for the first time in almost 30 years.
Read Article >9 questions about the Georgia Senate runoffs you were too embarrassed to ask


Supporters of Rev. Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff at a rally in in Jonesboro, Georgia, on November 19. Elijah Nouvelage/Getty ImagesGeorgia voters will determine which party controls the US Senate on January 5, and thus decide the fate of President-elect Joe Biden’s agenda.
There are not one but two runoff Senate elections in Georgia early next year. They have similar dynamics, with Democratic challengers going up against Republican incumbents. One race features a matchup between Sen. David Perdue (R) and Democrat Jon Ossoff, and the other involves Sen. Kelly Loeffler (R) and Democrat Rev. Raphael Warnock.
Read Article >How Trump’s conspiracy theories have inspired some supporters to boycott the Georgia runoffs

Kena Betancur/AFP/Getty ImagesPresident Donald Trump’s lies about the election being stolen from him are having an unintended consequence: There are now members of his base who are advocating for Republicans not to vote in the Georgia runoff for two vital Senate seats.
Democrats can take control of the US Senate if both Rev. Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff defeat Republican incumbent Sens. Kelly Loeffler and David Perdue in the upcoming runoffs. But Trump has been hurting his party’s cause by attacking two state Republican officials — Gov. Brian Kemp and Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, a Republican Trump has demeaned as a “RINO,” or Republican in name only — for their supposed involvement in a far-fetched scheme to throw the state’s presidential election for Joe Biden. (In reality, both Raffensperger and Kemp are Trump supporters.)
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